A state of the art report on the development of native and second language reading skills in nonnative English speakers begins with a review of the reading process and the relationship of language to the reading process. The second chapter reviews various levels of language and relates them to reading and learning to read a first and second…

To help Pennsylvania-based reading professionals share the results of their research with colleagues, this guide contains abstracts of both published and unpublished articles, doctoral dissertations, masters' projects, institutional research projects, and articles in preparation, all prepared by researchers living in Pennsylvania or affiliated…

Recognizing that newspapers are among the best supplementary instructional materials, this booklet offers suggestions for the use of newspapers for teaching or reinforcing specific reading skills. The booklet focuses on inferential and evaluative comprehension skills, and the suggestions range from how to teach students to identify main ideas and…

A learning opportunity risk is defined as an absence of instruction or insufficient attention to proficiency at an early grade of instruction in a subject matter which will generate serious learning problems in later grades. A method for identifying such risks has been derived from analysis of district-level Instructional Accomplishment…

Intended for language arts teachers of the upper elementary grades, this guide suggests vocabulary and discussion questions for teaching novels. The questions are on an inferential level of interpretation, rather than literal, and address such topics as style, technique, and plot development. Novels for which questions are provided are: (1)…

A brief overview of the development of Polish education since the Second World War precedes a discussion of preschool education in Poland. The education of very young children is viewed seriously in Poland and has become a socially approved part of the system of education. Discussion focuses on the structure of preschool education, financing, and…

Focusing on trends in reading achievement during the period from l970 to l984, this report draws from national assessments that involved more than 250,000 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old students from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. The first chapter (1) provides an overview of the report; (2) summarizes recent achievements documented by the…

While previous studies have investigated children's awareness of two units within words--syllables and phonemes, there is experimental evidence that children are also aware of intrasyllabic units (units intermediate in size between the syllable and the phoneme), and that these units may be useful for teaching phonological awareness and reading.…

This critical review of "Becoming a Nation of Readers" states that the Commission on Reading report contains sensible and practical recommendations, though it is not wholly representative of all the available research on reading and it contains occasional insensitivities to the potential problems within its recommendations. The first…

Based on emergent literacy research, two components of reading and writing--the morning message and the writing process--were developed in a laboratory school kindergarten by teacher-researcher collaboration and later disseminated to both public and private schools through a project conducted for the Kamehameha Schools, a private school in…

Reading is a multileveled, interactive, and hypothesis-generating process in which readers construct a meaningful representation of text by using their knowledge of the world and of language. Reviewing research on the reading process, it is clear that context, script (a form of general event representation derived from and applied to social…

To compare the effect of remedial reading instruction over time on reading error patterns of at risk readers further classified as "learning disabled" (LD) with non-LD failing readers, a study examined 60 randomly selected children from a population of low achieving first graders in urban, suburban, and rural elementary schools…

A study of patterns of cue selection strategies in relation to field dependence and independence in the reading of Greek-English bilingual children is reported. The study investigated (1) possible differences in the oral reading strategies used while reading English as compared to Greek, and (2) possible differences in those strategies for…

Chapter 1 activities in Ohio for 1986-87 are summarized. The basic programs are described with emphasis on the following components: (1) student participation; (2) instructional areas; (3) impact of reading instruction; (4) impact of math instruction; (5) expenditure patterns; (6) staff positions; (7) inservice teacher education; (8) parent…

This annotated bibliography reviews 41 pieces of educational software that are marketed for use in basic reading and conversational English programs. A variety of educational games, drill and practice programs, tutorials, problem-solving programs, and utility and authoring systems is included. Reading, math, writing, vocabulary, grammar, spelling,…