A study investigated the proposition that males have a predominant tendency to encode visually when reading, whereas females tend to encode phonologically. Arabic symbols were used to teach a group of 24 college students to "read." Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two conditions: learning the symbols as "letters" one by one with the aid…

A study was conducted to describe factors influencing the acquisition of facilitating and inhibiting reading strategies by adult beginning readers (ABRs) in order to generate potential guidelines for instruction. Using an adapted form of the Goodman and Burke taxonomy of oral reading miscues as initial framework, the investigators described ABRs'…

A study investigated children's recall and representation for multiple episode stories differing in terms of goal structure. Subjects were 36 third and fifth grade students reading below grade level, and 48 students from the same grades who were identified as average readers. The students read or listened to stories containing embedded and…

Reflecting the work of Yetta Goodman on child language development, this paper examines Goodman's five "roots of literacy" and offers suggestions on classroom techniques for nurturing these roots. The first half of the paper explains how Goodman identified the roots of literacy and describes each of them, including (1) print awareness in…

A detailed description is provided of the variable, management of grouping and instructional continuity (IE), which is part of the analysis in phase I of the Evaluation of Practices in Individualized Schooling. The variable is defined; the questionnaires on which the variable is based are listed; the procedures used to scale the variable are…

Noting that reading development is a crucial factor in breaking down social, intellectual, and political barriers, this paper uses Nigeria as an example of a developing multilingual country in order to examine the problems and challenges that learners and educators in multilingual societies face. The discussion is focused on children at the…

An ethnographic study of small group reading instruction was conducted to learn how teachers' judgments of students' abilities influenced the way they grouped students for reading instruction and the effects of these grouping practices on teachers' planning and instructional behaviors. Two teachers and 20 students were observed over the course of…

This teacher's manual includes materials and descriptions of methods developed for the elementary school teacher who deals with mildly mentally retarded children in the regular classroom. The first chapter presents ideas about managing the classroom learning environment along three dimensions: preventive discipline, selected intervention…

Intended for teachers of preschool and primary school children, this booklet contains materials and methods designed to help make literature the core of the early childhood curriculum. The first chapter presents a rationale for making literature an integral part of the curriculum, as well as goals for the appreciation, comprehension, and extension…

A total of 954 teachers in ten school districts near Eastern Michigan University (Ypsilanti) responded to a questionnaire concerning their needs for university-related assistance in reading instruction. The results revealed the following: (1) teachers were greatly concerned about reading instruction; (2) most teachers were able to recognize a high…

A study was conducted to describe the characteristics and effects of the verbal feedback offered by teachers to student miscues occurring during group oral reading instruction. Analyses were also made of the ways in which teachers varied feedback between students at different ability levels. The subjects were eight second grade teachers and their…

This volume contains papers that were originally presented at a round table discussion by teachers from France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, and Yugoslavia, together with a summary of the discussions and a list of recommended materials. The titles and authors of the papers are as follows: (1) "Language Learning at…

A survey was taken to measure how 3700 elementary school teachers and 600 principals in Maryland school districts feel about parent involvement in home learning as a teaching strategy and to see how widespread this teaching strategy is. This summary of survey results provides information on the extent and use of varied techniques to involve…

This guide contains lists of activities for using the local newspaper as an educational resource to develop content area reading skills. The compilation of ideas and activities, divided into four sections, offers suggestions for using the newspaper in language arts, social studies, mathematics, and science instruction. A fifth section on newspaper…

As a result of an open admissions policy, the City University of New York (CUNY) was faced with large numbers of students in need of instruction in the basic skills. Each college had to develop testing programs to determine placement and to diagnose individual students needs, and each was faced with the necessity of creating larger programs in…