In 2008, China's museums began to offer free admission, which led to an explosive growth in the number of visitors. As a result, more researchers are examining how to determine the learning experience of museum visitors, and improving it gradually will be the next direction for the development of Chinese museums. The Contextual Model of Learning…

Grounded within current reform recommendations and built upon Giere's views (1986, 1999) on model-based science, we propose an alternative approach to science education which we refer to as the "Evidence-Explanation (EE) Continuum." The approach addresses conceptual, epistemological, and social domains of knowledge, and places emphasis…

Research in the area of Open Student Models (OSMs) has shown that external representations of the student model can be used to facilitate educational processes such as student reflection, knowledge awareness, learning, collaboration, negotiation, and student model diagnosis. OSMs can be integrated into existing learning systems or become a…

A problem with applications of innovations and technological tools such as the digital portfolio is that, while detailed conceptions and examples of digital portfolios exist, there is a chasm of practical advice that is sufficiently generic for guiding considerations on how to integrate digital portfolios into different learning environments. In…

Instructional coaches collaborate with in-service and pre-service teachers through dialogue and reflection in order to improve instruction for their students. In this qualitative study we learned from three exemplar coaches who used elements of coaching in their supervision of pre-service teachers. The coaches reflected on how they navigated the…

Evaluative criteria define a "high quality" or "successful" evaluand and provide the basis for judgment of merit and worth, yet they are often assumed and implicit in the evaluation process. This article presents an empirically supported model that describes and integrates two aspects of criteria: domain and source. Domain…

Scholars who conduct process tracing often face the problem of missing data. The inability to document key steps in their causal chains makes it difficult to validate theoretical models. In this article, we conceptualize "missingness" as it relates to process tracing, describe different scenarios in which it is pervasive, and present…

Over the past 20 years, universities have been faced with sustained change, driven by external factors. This has led to the evolution of the teaching and research mission and the creation and rise of the third mission. Such mission extension has led to the emergence of entrepreneurial universities which has seen a move from traditional research…

The American Camp Association and Association of Camp Nursing collaborated for the creation of the Healthy Camps initiatives from 2006-2020. During that time, the initiative developed a holistic approach to a healthy camp framework by examining and addressing a range of challenges experienced by camp programs in the United States. Camper and staff…

Semantic composition in language must be closely related to semantic composition in thought. But the way the two processes are explained differs considerably. Focusing primarily on propositional content, language theorists generally take semantic composition to be a truth-conditional process. Focusing more on extensional content, cognitive…

Discussions on diversity and disability in dialogue with special educationalists and philosophers of education are not often found in the research literature. Researchers within disability studies have been critical towards the enterprise of special education and vice versa, and the language they use is often different, as they draw on various…

When people encounter items that they believe will help them gain reward, they later remember them better than others. A recent model of emotional memory, the emotional context maintenance and retrieval model (eCMR), predicts that these effects would be stronger when stimuli that predict high and low reward can compete with each other during both…

This article provides a general overview of professional identity formation (PIF) in health professions education, a summary of relevant theories related to PIF, and a description of pedagogical models which promote PIF.

The ability to consider multiple possibilities forms the basis for a wide variety of human-unique cognitive capacities. When does this skill develop? Previous studies have narrowly focused on children's ability to prepare for incompatible future outcomes. Here, we investigate this capacity in a causal learning context. Adults (N = 109) and 18- to…

This article provides an overview of shifting perspectives, models, research trends, and contemporary ideas around supervision in student affairs workplaces.