Six observers studied both school-to-work transition programs for youth and retraining programs for adult workers in three Western European countries--West Germany, Sweden, and England. They identified European solutions to a pressing problem in the United States: youth and adult workers whose skills are inadequate for today's and tomorrow's jobs.…

The current job market for 1987 Michigan college graduates was estimated by placement directors and career counselors at 50 Michigan two-year and four-year colleges and universities. The staff rated supply and demand based on information from graduate surveys, employers, and job listings. For each major, the actual ratings are provided of…

This report summarizes employment and employment training activities in California during 1981-82; provides a retrospective view of programs operated in California under the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973 (CETA); discusses the Job Training Partnership Act of 1982 (JTPA), the Federal Program that replaced CETA and is expected to…

This study of unemployment among university graduates in West Bengal (India), Bangladesh, and the Philippines provides socioeconomic and educational characteristics of these areas, a comparative analysis of unemployment, and suggested measures for reducing unemployment. The International Institute for Educational Planning studies, focusing on…

The role of small business and entrepreneurship in today's economy is well documented. Entrepreneurship and small business ownership are an especially attractive option for women. Women have been seeking an escape from traditional, low-paying, dead-end jobs by choosing entrepreneurship at a rate five times faster than that of men. Women now own…

It is an open question to what extent young people in Japan leaving educational institutions at various levels for their first job have the knowledge of the labor market, occupational choices open to them, and their own individual occupational talents. The objective of this paper is to study the structure of the supply of occupational and labor…

Results of a study involving 450 teachers in three California school districts show that two sets of standards exist for judging the effectiveness of teacher unions. For union leaders, legitimacy means keeping promises to teachers by winning concessions from management and, at the same time, working toward a more credible and cooperative…

The economic costs and benefits of educating foreign students in U.S. public and private colleges are estimated. U.S. costs of educating foreign students consist primarily of: (1) direct educational costs, (2) cost of the foreign students who receive their maintenance allowance from U.S. sources, (3) travel costs of those foreign students whose…

This issue examines successful partnerships in the Northwest that have emerged from strategic alliances between business and education. Some models are described briefly. These partnerships are then described: Private Initiatives in Public Education (PIPE), the adopt-a-school conduit; Business Youth Exchange, a structure for work-study; Business…

This paper focuses on participation of labor unions in health promotion and health promotion programs. It begins by discussing labor unions' impact on today's work force. An overview of unions' historical concern for worker health serves as an introduction to consideration of the labor movement's current involvement in employee health. A look at…

Some researchers estimate that 99 percent of occupations require some ability to read. Yet, illiteracy is a present and growing problem for many businesses. Some researchers contend that the basic educational system does not prepare workers to read on the job. Many teachers consider reading an elementary skill and do not focus on it in higher…

Major changes in postgraduate education since the 1970s in countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are examined. Postgraduate education refers to specialized or research training after the receipt of a university degree. The basis of analysis includes: analyses provided by authorities in Australia,…

Illiteracy is a serious problem in the United States, and Hispanics have substantially higher rates of illiteracy than any other major population group: by the traditional measure of literacy, the completion of five years of schooling, 11.9 percent of Hispanics 25 years and older could be considered illiterate, compared to 1.8 percent of the…

Ratings of the projected demand for Michigan's college graduates of 1988 are presented by degree level and field of study. The ratings by placement directors and career planning counselors at Michigan two- and four-year colleges were based on evaluation of current labor market conditions. Responses were received from 75 individuals representing 45…

The pathways taken by minority Ph.D.s from graduate school into the labor market are examined with a focus on their destination and progress in academe. The emphasis is on: (1) the characteristics of Black, Hispanic, and Asian-American Ph.D.s from the general population of Ph.D.s, and how they differ among themselves; (2) general labor force…