This comprehensive literature review provides a synthesized analysis of the career progression of public school teachers in the Philippines. The review systematically examines the key policies that form the foundation of this progression, the officially established pathways for advancement, the available professional development initiatives, and…

In this paper, the authors study a proposition in California that weakened the constraints on some local governments by lowering the vote share required to approve capital funding for schools and community colleges. The study uses a difference-in-differences design around this policy change and data for over 4,000 local elections across the state…

Purpose: Over the past 5 years, courts increasingly have considered cases involving the design and effects of selective high school admissions policies. This study examines three recent cases to highlight the importance of the courts in shaping selective high school admissions policies, how these policies have been considered in the institutional…

Legal codes and policies in India relating to the trans community, following the global trends, are changing fast towards a more humane approach. One of the oldest marginalised communities in India, whose identity has been recognized legally very recently, still struggles to access mainstream education even after the declaration of education as a…

The 2015 revision of Japan's Course of Study marked a significant reform in moral education, promoted as moral education that encourages children to think and discuss. This study analyzes this reform, focusing on debates and challenges that emerged during the policy-making process led by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and…

Nonpartisan agreement exists among policymakers, educators, and parents that more K-12 students should be proficient in civics before they graduate high school. This "Backgrounder" provides data on the poor student outcomes on civics assessments. It lists the civics standards that are applied in each state, and explains that some state…

The idea of a new social contract for education, as outlined in the UNESCO (2021) report on the Futures of Education, refers to the many instances of cooperation among communities and education systems around the world. In Italy, these experiences, commonly referred to as Community Educational Pacts, have gained increasing attention in recent…

Since 1972, the Swedish preschool has undergone several policy reforms that state guidelines for the work in preschool where preschool teachers and caregivers work close together in work teams. Since 2010, preschool teachers have been given increased responsibility for preschool education and its pedagogical content, including lead teaching, which…

Ontario's special education grant increased from $1.6 billion in 2002-2003 to $3.2 billion in 2020-2021, representing approximately 12.5% of the overall education funding. Although demands to increase special education funding continue from an equity and inclusion standpoint, students with exceptionalities are at risk of lower achievement. This…

In recent years, many states have adopted policies to ensure students are reading proficiently by third grade. This kind of policy transfer across states is not a unique phenomenon; researchers have documented analogous proliferations of similar policies both in and outside the field of education. However, there has been little attention paid to…

This article introduces an analytic strategy or thinking tool called the 'What's the Problem Represented to be?' (WPR) approach and suggests its usefulness for reflecting on important debates in music education. First developed as a mode of policy analysis, WPR has since been adopted in many fields and topic areas. The WPR approach consists of…

A plethora of scholars investigate how policies spread globally. This paper establishes an analytical framework to structure empirical macro-quantitative research on global education policy spread and enable this analysis to be more comprehensive. Different theories and concepts of drivers for education policy are structured into three distinct…

Ben-Peretz's (1975) concept of intended curriculum describes a version of curriculum that 'official' curriculum developers create to provide a detailed guide to what teachers are required to teach in schools. While some curricula are intended to guide learning, others give a more definitive regulation of what must be taught. Either way, they are a…

This paper presents results from a survey of parents of school age children in Louisiana to understand their knowledge of and attitudes toward sex education. Louisiana adolescents rank amongst the highest in the nation for teen births and sexually transmitted infections. Louisiana does not require instruction in sex education at any grade level.…

Racism, racial inequity, and racial violence, including micro-aggressions (slurs and fearful glances) are endemic in modern American society. Finding ways to eliminate or at least mitigate racism and racial violence is important, not only for public safety but also to ensure equality, fairness, and social harmony among every stratum of American…