This collection of papers by educational researchers in Scotland focuses on changes in educational systems and on transition points within systems (such as the transition from primary to secondary education). Chapters fall into four broad categories: Chapters 1 through 5 illustrate how particular facets of education have changed over relatively…

Despite a profusion of mentoring publications, much information on the subject is opinion-based, retrospective, and reflective. In examining mentoring for career advancement, researchers have focused largely on proteges' experience. This study examined mentoring as a mechanism for career advancement, focusing on the mentor's perspective and…

Division E of the American Educational Research Association is concerned with counseling and human development, yet these two components often appear to be poorly integrated. The integration of counseling and human development, however, is important both for scientific advance and for the provision of better service. A major goal for both…

Third in a series, this review examines progress made in research in developmental psychology, primarily in India, between 1976 and 1984. Focusing on physical, motor, and mental development, Section I discusses physical development and growth norms as well as factors influencing physical development. Section II, centering on cognitive, perceptual,…

The concept of organizational climate came from a desire to understand person-environment interactions. Most research has focused on the development of measuring instruments and much less has focused on development of a theory base. The small amount of existing theory has been used as a beginning for measurement activities. The lack of theory may…

Researchers who use the concept of school climate in their research should be aware of the ways in which climate can be measured and what the different methods of measurement imply. Among the typical kinds of measures of school climate currently in use are normative approaches that focus on students' and teachers' perceptions of school norms,…

The paper intends to assess the psychometric properties of teacher-judgment measures for identifying gifted students in terms of the available empirical data. Problems of definition are cited, and the neglect and disparagement of teacher judgments as an alternative identification strategy are noted. The major conclusion from the review is that…

The movement toward preservation of historical sites and objects has shifted from professional preservationists to a diverse population of individuals. Allegiance to the past has given way to recreating the past. Historical discovery occurs, for example, through visits to restructured historic sites where activities illustrate notions of how life…

The viewer's perception of television pictures is different from the perception of pictures generated by other visual media. The research findings on the subject reveal that there are four major areas under which the study of television picture perception can be grouped. The "light through" as opposed to the "light on" theory…

Research shows that firstborn children tend to excel in academic pursuits in comparison to those born later in the family constellation. A disproportionately high number of firstborns are present at the college level, and they are also overrepresented in medical and graduate schools. Firstborns score higher than those born later on a variety of…

Evaluation research is conceived as a question answering process. Four strategies are suggested which emerged from four approaches to the study of questions. Evaluation questions must be identified and classified before research can effectively begin. This paper discusses the four approaches to studying evaluation research questions and their…

This report analyzes the literature on the issues involved in providing summer school services to handicapped students (3-21 years old) in Illinois. Introductory sections examine the state legislative history regarding summer school and judicial decisions from across the country on the topic. A review of the literature is presented followed by…

Recent years have been marked by a decline in the quantity and quality of small group research for four reasons: (1) the experimenter is an integral component of the system he or she is studying and thereby influences the findings, (2) layers of group process defy complete analysis, (3) small group research is reflexive, and (4) much of the…

A precise formulation of both cognitive structure and its related theory is provided through use of the mathematical theory of categories. Weaknesses and imprecision in cognitive theory are identified. Using category theory, cognitive structure and related Piagetian theoretic terms are precisely defined and some interrelationships are discussed.…

Reviewed is research in the neurophysiology of cognitive functions as it related to dyslexia. (DB)