Declining achievement in reading has put enormous pressure on Title I middle schools to improve adolescent literacy performance. Poor student achievement in reading has incited the development of a national initiative; therefore, Response to Intervention (RTI) was created to comprehensively change educational practices. RTI was derived from the…

Focus groups were conducted with middle school general and special education teachers to investigate their perceptions of Response to Intervention (RTI) reading intervention. Three cross-cutting themes emerged through content analysis: (a) the exigency of professional development, (b) building capacity to implement in middle school, and (c)…

Educational policies and practices have had a long-standing emphasis of conducting incoming literacy screenings to determine who is at risk for school failure. Response to intervention (RTI) is an intervention program designed to deliver educational resources to students who fall below what is deemed an acceptable level of proficiency as viewed…

The federal RTI policy came into effect in 2004, and saw widespread diffusion. The "culture of policy" framework explicates the design inherent to the life cycles of equity-oriented top-down policies -- how they get made, spread, and mutate. In this critical qualitative inquiry, we interviewed six white teachers about RTI, and their…

Over 2.4 million children in the public school system are diagnosed with a learning disability, including dyslexia and developmental dyscalculia. Previous research has shown that some teachers are unaware of the importance of working memory in a student's academic and social realm and what working memory deficits may look like in the classroom.…

This article provide an analysis of the relevant court decisions from the end of 2016 to the end of 2019 specific to the IDEA [Individuals with Disabilities Education Act] child find obligation. Questions investigated concerned trends with regard to frequency, distribution, and outcomes as well as whether particular factors (such as response to…

Educators in Tennessee use Response to Instruction and Intervention (RTI[superscript 2] ), a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS), to address problems early for students at risk for poor learning outcomes. Tennessee Department of Education officials sought to support schools and districts implementing RTI[superscript 2] with a tool that…

Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) is a tool designed for the assessment of behavioral changes over time. Unlike methods for summative evaluations, the development of progress monitoring tools requires evaluation of sensitivity to change. The present study aimed to evaluate this psychometric feature of five newly developed DBR Multi-Item Scales…

Although advances have been made in educational research, broad discrepancies continue in the educational experiences and outcomes of subgroups of youth. Research that focus on "what works" and tiered-models of evidence-based practices may not be well suited for tailoring interventions to support diverse learners. Building from dynamic…

"Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning and Behavior Disabilities" prepares teachers to meet elementary and secondary students' needs in a variety of settings. It builds a foundation with information about general teaching and learning approaches, then turns to specific content areas such as reading, math, oral and written…

The researcher briefly reviewed the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework and explained how Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) enhanced RtI implementation in general education classrooms. The main focus of this paper is to identify general educators' roles when implementing RtI…

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a tier three intervention, response-to-intervention design, on children with low reading ability in grade three. Twenty-eight children (12 females and 16 males) participated in this study. The participants were given out a battery of reading tests including decoding and reading…

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a general education initiative intended to identify struggling readers and provide them with early, targeted intervention. The RTI model--which emphasized research-based instruction presented with fidelity along with the use of informed student data--was adopted by many school districts not only to provide…

This study set out to determine whether there was a relationship between teacher efficacy and a standard treatment protocol. Teachers participated in a pre and post survey to measure their confidence level in Leveled Literacy Intervention, the literacy program and their literacy knowledge, before and after implementation over a summer reading…

Our goal as physical educators is to help all students develop the knowledge, skills and dispositions to be physically active for a lifetime. Despite efforts to address the diverse needs of students through quality physical education, the reality is that some students still need additional support beyond physical education to achieve their full…