Twenty-four adults with mental retardation were assigned to a supported work program and were compared with 25 control subjects receiving conventional workshop services. Clients assigned to supportive work did significantly better in the competitive labor market than did clients in extended sheltered employment. (Author/JDD)

Analyzes structural factors affecting the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between urban Blacks and Whites. Finds that the relative size of the Black population is the most powerful indicator of the level of occupational differentiation, but that educational level and the size of the urban population also had significant…

A study examined the organizational configuration and promotion policies and practices for administrative and professional staff at Ohio State University. Analysis of 3,170 positions and 350 internal promotions indicated a low pyramid with most positions in the middle. Racial and gender imbalances were found in the different employment levels.…

A follow-up study of 73 former special school students in New South Wales, Australia, found that 42 percent were in open employment. Those with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities were generally at sheltered workshops, activity centers, or home. Approximately 54 percent lived with their parents, and 69 percent reported a few close…

Solutions to two problems in Philippine higher education and employment are proposed: for disciplines with too many graduates, overseas employment is recommended; for those with too few graduates, an incentive system tied to mandatory service is suggested. Problems and advantages of government regulation of labor supply and demand are discussed.…

A review of women's status in Europe concludes that the integration of women into the labor market, rise in their education/training levels, and wider availability of child care are not enough to enable equal access to power. Adult education can help ensure wider opportunities and freedom of choice for women. (SK)

This article describes the Japanese quota system for the employment of people with disabilities and assesses the potential of a quota law that includes financial incentives for compliance. It concludes that laws to compel the employment of people with disabilities are unlikely to be effective and may be counterproductive. (Author/DB)

A number of countries have predicted a serious shortage of college faculty. Recent demographic information is examined for evidence of the problem, and some salient staffing problems are identified. It is concluded that most industrialized countries will experience staffing difficulties and should consider how their responses will affect other…

New challenges for human resource development are the need for efficient, effective, lifelong learning; the use of training technology; changes in jobs and the composition of the labor force; and changes in management practices. Training is likely to become more a screening device than a development tool. (SK)

Analyzes concentration of employment opportunities for different socioeconomic groups in different local labor-market areas (LMAs). Uses regression analysis of 1980 census data. Finds rural LMAs offer fewer opportunities. Gender differences in occupational concentrations relate to industrial composition of labor market. Racial difference is…

Draws on the 1987 Current Population Survey to examine the effect of employment instability on earnings of 1,755 Mexican-origin men. Results show unequivocally that Whites received higher returns to education than did Mexican Americans, and that employment instability exerted a heavier penalty on Mexican-origin workers than Whites. (Author/SAS)

Examination of neighborhood-level data from three northern California communities with large immigrant populations found that youth violence was not related to percentage of immigrants in the neighborhood population. Youth violence was positively related to alcohol availability and percentage of divorced adults, and negatively related to…

Although the incidence of contingent work--jobs that are structured to be short term or temporary--declined between 1995 and 1997, it continues to be more common among women, youth, students, part-time workers, and in the construction and services industries. Contingent workers are also found in both high- and low-skilled occupations. (Author/JOW)

Describes a participatory research project designed to build the feminist education of female university students. Explores the silences of some of the 100 participants over the years, silences that reflect class differences in employment, in ethnicity, as well as in the lives of the students. (SLD)

Analysis of census data indicates that female-headed households increased more rapidly in nonmetro than metro counties between 1980 and 1990; industrial restructuring contributed to change in nonmetro and metro female-headed households, with changes in various industries producing different effects; and formation of female-headed households was…