Results of a study conducted with 721 fourth, sixth, and eighth graders were not supportive of the assumed role of children's perceived reality of television in determining the impact of exposure to television on children's social behavior. (GT)

Provides results consistent with a model of social cognition. Emphasizes the relative saliency of situational factors relating to deservedness in the sharing situation. (Author/RL)

The current and lifetime prevalence of heterosexual cohabitation are examined for 2,510 young men. It would appear that neither cohabitation nor marriage had reached a peak in terms of prevalence among the young men born in the years 1944 through 1954. (Author)

As adoptions have increased, they have become less concentrated among women unable to bear children, although these women are still more likely to adopt than are fertile women. About 4 percent of American women have adopted a child by the time they are 45 years old. (Author)

Conditions of continual change have led to an emergence of the human behavioral sciences and a deeper understanding of the complexity of human behavior; there is an increasing recognition that a more flexible and transcending leisure philosophical perspective is needed. (JD)

It is concluded that ethnic criteria are of relatively little weight in mutual evaluations of Japanese and Caucasians, and it is suggested that this is reflected in the lack of behavioral conflict between these groups in Hawaii. (Author)

Subjects were trained in three targeted skills. Game training produced large and consistent gains in all target responses however, no generalization was recorded in covert assessments. Subsequently, an in-situ training procedure consisting of intermittent verbal prompts and reinforcement was used, which significantly increased use of skills in all…

Social norm feedback is a promising strategy for reducing alcohol misuse on college campuses. Examines the effects of a campus-wide media campaign on Division I student-athletes at three universities. Results indicate that the campaign-exposed group reported more conservative estimates of alcohol use in peers. However, there was no evidence that…

Notes that in communication research, attempts to enhance external validity usually focus on techniques to enhance surface representativeness. Suggests that the findings of a study should be examined in light of its contribution to theory. Argues surface representativeness is usually not a good indicator of contribution to theory. Suggests journal…

A 2-year ethnographic study focused on social behaviors and gender differences among preschoolers engaging in science activities. Findings indicated that boys exhibited curiosity, spontaneity, extensive prior knowledge about nature, and tended toward aggressive, competitive, and sometimes violent behavior. Girls displayed a submissive countenance,…

To increase the number of times that a woman with severe disabilities complied with requests to take prescribed oral medication, the woman was asked to follow a number of requests with which she typically complied, her compliance was reinforced, and then she was requested to take the medication. (Author/JDD)

A study involving 90 learning-disabled (LD) children, ages 9-12, and 94 nonhandicapped children found that LD children were less likely to be popular and more likely to be rejected and neglected. Achievement and Intelligence Quotient were not meaningful predictors of peer status in LD children. (Author/JDD)

When coached in leading peers, asking questions of peers, making comments to peers, and supporting peers, trained children showed significant increase in their use of comments and leads and improved in questions and supports, whereas controls showed little change. Increases in skill use in the classroom with peers was correlated with improvements…

Tested efficacy of social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression and examined relative contribution of training in problem-orientation component of the overall model. Dismantling research design, involving 39 depressed subjects, revealed problem-solving to be an effective cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for depression. (Author/TE)