The Civil Rights and Women's Employment Equity Act of 1991 establishes standards for analyzing employment practice that has disparate impact on minorities and women, allows damages for on-the-job discrimination, lengthens the statute of limitations for claims, and broadens protection for plaintiffs in "mixed-motive" cases. Implications…

Theories under which college students have challenged academic dismissals are examined, the standard courts apply when examining challenges is explored, and a case in which relief was denied a student challenging a test grade is discussed. Conflict between an institution's academic freedom and a student's due-process rights is considered. (MSE)

The Baltimore City (Maryland) Public Schools system is the only major urban school system that has successfully implemented same-gender classes for African-American children, with specific emphasis on the male child. Reasons the approach avoids the problems of educational equity encountered in Detroit (Michigan) and Milwaukee (Wisconsin) are…

The reasons for increased collaboration between Australian universities and industry are examined, focusing on competitive research grant programs developed by the government in the last decade. University and industry response to these opportunities and to issues such as intellectual property rights and publication rights are discussed. (MSE)

The status of federal law relevant to teacher performance assessment is in transition, paralleling that of professional practice in the area. Court decisions pertaining to teacher assessment are reviewed for their possible impact on state-of-the-art teacher assessment techniques. (SLD)

A lawsuit involving the National Board for Respiratory Therapy illustrates that certification examinations are vulnerable to complaints of discrimination and employers' misuse of test results. The board's five-step process--position-viability study, personnel survey, job analysis, item writing/test development, and criterion-related validity…

Reviews recent research on the epidemiology, subject characteristics, and service needs of the homeless population who are dually diagnosed to suffer both severe mental illness and substance abuse disorders. Discusses evolving approaches to providing social services, various treatments, system and legal issues, and problems with current research.…

Discusses the legal phenomenon of negligent hiring, what it is, how it has evolved, and where it will probably go. Lists ways to avoid a negligent-hiring lawsuit and provides 12 steps for reducing negligent hiring and defamation lawsuits. (MLF)

Universities experience pressures for secrecy in research, often imposed by the government, for national security reasons. Institutions face major policy issues regarding sponsorship of research, conflicts of interest, and intellectual property rights. However, universities are urged to consider that the free flow of information is vital to the…

Recent appellate court decisions concerning private social clubs, unreported decisions brought by fraternities, and developments in related case law have strengthened the position that college social fraternity chapters at public colleges and universities may claim a full range of legal protections under the constitutional doctrine known as…

The research needs in the epidemiology of child sexual abuse are discussed in terms of: a definition of epidemiology, the clash between the medical and legal cultures, statistical concerns, the relationship of social class or poverty with child sexual abuse, the need for cross-cultural research, intervention studies, studies of service…

This paper describes and analyses some of the legal consequences of the schooling reforms of 1989 in New Zealand, which devolved the power to run schools to individual Boards of Trustees in each of the 2,600 schools in the country. The focus will be on three main kinds of legal action: between the state and schools (relating to interpretations of…

This workbook is one of a series designed for adult learners of English as a Second Language. The overall aim of this volume is that the student who is a landed immigrant in Canada and leaves the country for a vacation or family visit will be able to deal successfully with Canadian immigration and customs officials upon return to Canada. This…

The almost universal doctrine of charitable immunity was traditionally justified at one time because of the altruistic nature of charities. The reasons for abolition of charitable immunity in most states have generally been two-fold: (1) charities are no longer low-budget, marginal operations; (2) the risk of crippling verdicts can be minimized…

The history of Texas' implementation of bilingual education is examined through a review of relevant literature and court litigation, and a survey of school district superintendents and administrators on this topic is reported. In interviews with the administrators, it was found that bilingual education and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL)…