In most reliability studies, the precision of a reliability estimate varies inversely with the number of examinees (sample size). Thus, to achieve a given level of accuracy, some minimum sample size is required. An approximation for this minimum size may be made if some reasonable assumptions regarding the mean and standard deviation of the test…

It has been demonstrated that corrected-for-guessing scores will be superior to number-right scores in providing estimates of examinee standing on the trait measured by a multiple-choice test, if it can be assumed that examinees can and will comply with the appropriate directions. The purpose of the present study was to test the validity of that…

One formulation of confidence scoring requires the examinee to indicate as a number his personal probability of the correctness of each alternative in a multiple-choice test. For this formulation, a linear transformation of the logarithm of the correct response is maximized if the examinee reports accurately his personal probability. To equate…

This study tested for cultural bias in the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test. Subjects were 72 black and white patients diagnosed as either brain damaged or psychiatric. Bender protocols were scored by Pascal-Suttell and Hain systems. No race effect appeared except for the Pascal-Suttell system for which blacks scored significantly better. (Author)

Seven formulas for scoring test items with two options (true-false or multiple choice with only two choices) were investigated. Several conditions, such as varying directions for guessing and whether testees had prior knowledge of the proportions of false items on the test were also investigated. (Author/JKS)

Showed that the standard score difference method for determining intelligence quotient achievement discrepencies produced disproportionate racial representation, whereas the regression method produced proportionate racial representation in Learning Disabilities (LD) classes. Demonstrated advantages in measurement of discrepancies, LD program…

Reports preliminary findings of a study which used a modified Admissible Probability Measurement (APM) test scoring system in the design of computer based instructional management systems. The use of APM for curriculum analysis is discussed, as well as its value in enhancing individualized learning. (Author/LRW)

The reported data provide a basis for evaluating the formula-scoring versus rights-scoring issue and for assessing the effects of directions on the reliability and parallelism of scores for sophisticated examinees taking professionally developed tests. Results support the invariance hypothesis rather than the differential effects hypothesis.…

Presents both logical and empirical evidence to illustrate that the conventional scoring algorithm for ranking tasks significantly underestimates the initial level of group ability and that Slevin's alternative scoring algorithm significantly overestimates the initial level of ability. Presents a modification of Slevin's algorithm which authors…

The purpose of this research was to further study the breadth and depth dimensions of the WAIS similarities and vocabulary subscales by factor analyzing several measures of intelligence: a comprehension index, SAT scores, and grade point average (GPA). (Author/SJL)

Discussion of the relationship of personality variables to programing ability highlights a study of undergraduates that investigated the influence of cognitive style on the programing skill of debugging. Use of the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) is described, scoring schemes for diagnostic tasks are explained, and suggestions for further…

A study involving 105 sixth-graders examined three aspects of technical adequacy with respect to two general outcome measures in mathematics: the effects of aggregating scores and correcting for random guessing on reliability and validity and the extent to which the measures were sensitive to changes in performance. (Contains references.)…

To determine whether or not cognitive tempo influences visual cue preferences in early readers, 65 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children were tested on the Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) test and a cue selection nonsense trigram test. It was hypothesized that significant differences would be found in cue selection strategies of…

Observational ratings of student clinical performance are influenced by factors other than the quality of the performance. Individual raters may be more stringent or lenient than their colleagues. In this medical school setting, multiple raters evaluated each student. To reduce the influence of "error" due to differences among raters, each rater…