To improve the education offered freshmen and sophomores, this article advises colleges and universities to separate the lower division into a "general college" sponsored by a staff whose sole responsibility is the lower division student. (IR)

Condensed from "New York State Education, LVI (May 1969), 22-23, 34-35.

The author reviews literature on childrens' reactions to perceived failure and offers "learned helplessness" as a model to explain why a child who makes a mistake gives up. Suggestions for preventing these reactions are given. (Author/JMK)

Reports research into the affective responses of 75 University of Iowa undergraduate students to situations varying in achievement outcome, task importance, and effort. Analysis of variance indicates that the affective component score is dependent mainly on the student's perceptions of his/her academic success or failure. (EAO)

A survey of medical school applicants rejected by the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University were surveyed about their actions and career plans after the rejection. Most experienced a career crisis, some an identity crisis. Better early career counseling is recommended. (MSE)

Ethnographic study of a suburban Jewish afternoon school suggests that students' failure to meet school behavior and learning standards occurred because they did not value or understand the rewards made available to them through the school and because their means of achieving status mobility had shifted away from the Jewish school. (Author/GC)

Discusses inadequacies of current method of teaching ethnic perspectives to graduate and undergraduate social work students. Suggests a group therapeutic model be used to teach ethnic and minority content. Provides implications for social work faculty, students of ethnic and minority content, and the social work profession as a whole. (AH)

Over 300 students assessed their causal attributions and expectations for success and failure in mathematics, and their self concepts of math ability. Results varied, depending on research method employed, but did not when taken together support the hypothesis that girls are more learned helpless in mathematics than are boys. (Author/GC)

The degree to which it is possible to identify, from data in their cumulative folders, students likely to fail a high school competency test is investigated. Results indicated that some predictor variables could be used to identify those likely to fail Senior High Assessment of Reading Progress and the Test of Proficiency in Computational Skills.…

In separate articles three authors discuss (1) the beneficial "normalizing effect" of mainstreaming for handicapped students; (2) how to help the nonreader in music class; and (3) what a research study has shown about wind instrument instruction for educable mentally handicapped (EMH) students. (SJL)

First in a series, this article describes the rise and fall of John Adams High School, an experimental school in Portland (Oregon) that was recently closed after 12 years of operation. The experiences of those who tried to make the experiment work may help others interested in educational innovation. (WD)

Eight female fourth- and fifth-grade mathematics teachers, 69 of their middle-class pupils, and the pupils' parents were asked to indicate the extent to which each of 10 given causes influenced the pupil's grade. Their perceptions on teacher, pupil, and parent responsibility for success and failure are compared. (Author/SJL)

Academic locus of control and mothers' school-related reactions and expectations were studied in 81 learning disabled (LD) and 81 normally achieving children. LD children indicated more external perceptions of control for academic success. Mothers of LD children reported more negative reactions to their children and lower academic performance…

Describes existential concepts of guilt and how they differ from the familiar conception, and focuses on one aspect of this existential guilt, which has ready application to some contemporary problems associated with changing social roles. (Author)