The correlations between four childhood factors (externalizing, internalizing, asocial, and IQ/school achievement) and adult outcome ratings were investigated with 45 males with a young adult onset of schizophrenia who had been followed into middle age and for whom childhood information was available from a child guidance clinic. Among findings…

The performance of good and poor readers was compared on a series of three visually presented paired associate tasks varying the verbal codability level of response items. Performance of the 32 poor readers was significantly lower than that of the 32 good readers across all three tasks. There were no differences between good and poor readers in…

Four student-rated qualities of affective meaning associated with getting a grade of "C" in selected college courses were analyzed for their relation to student academic self-esteem and their sensitivity to two course-related context factors: course content and its intended audience. A total of 106 students in two sections of an introductory…

An experiment was performed to obtain judgments of 324 college students about a list of 18 causal explanations for good or poor performance on an examination. These stimulus causes were judged with respect to a description of two hypothetical situations in which a student either did well or did poorly on the examination. Half the sample judged the…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS CONTRASTED WITH THOSE WHO STAYED IN SCHOOL, (2) TO INVESTIGATE EXPERIENCES WHICH LED TO LEAVING SCHOOL, (3) TO DETERMINE THE PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL-LEAVERS REGARDING THEIR SCHOOL EXPERIENCES, AND (4) TO INVESTIGATE WHAT SCHOOL-LEAVERS DID AFTER THEY LEFT…

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS OF THE BEGINNING SCHOOL CHILD WAS EXPLORED. MORE SPECIFICALLY, THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS RESEARCH WERE TO DESCRIBE THE MAJOR DIMENSION THROUGH WHICH ENVIRONMENT IS LIKELY TO INHIBIT DEVELOPMENT AND TO SPECIFY THE AREAS THAT HAVE BEEN MOST INFLUENCED BY UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL…

COUNSELING TREATMENT METHODS WERE EVALUATED TO DETERMINE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN IMPROVING ACADEMIC AND PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT OF UNDERACHIEVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. THE PARTICIPANTS INCLUDED OVER 200 MEASURED UNDERACHIEVERS FROM GRADES 10-12 AND 16 COUNSELORS. THE STUDENTS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF FIVE TREATMENT CONDITIONS--(1) INDIVIDUAL…

Abramson, Seligman and Teasdale's reformulated model of learned helplessness hypothesized that an attribution of causality intervenes between the perception of noncontingency and the future expectation of future noncontingency. To test this model, relationships between attribution and performance under failure, success, and control conditions were…

Participating in an Indian youth leadership conference which used a group interaction model were 125 persons from various school districts, tribes, and Indian organizations throughout Arizona. Goals of the conference were: (1) to give Indian students the opportunity to express needs and exchange resources and ideas leading to possible solutions…

Employing a cognitive/motivational analysis, a study was undertaken to determine some specific self-perceptions that might contribute to motivational and performance deficits observed in children with reading difficulties. A total of 72 children of relatively good, average, and poor reading ability were assessed on tasks in which success and…

Reactions of men and women to failure in sex-appropriate and sex-inappropriate tasks were examined through performance records, self-ratings of learning progress, and attributions of performance to effort and ability. Fear of success studies show that individuals may avoid success where success is sex-inappropriate. It was thought that failure…

Excerpts from transcribed tape recordings of conversations between two reading specialists and 23 Hispanic inmates at a New Jersey correctional institution reveal that many of these inmates believe that a lack of functional literacy was partly responsible for their present condition. Literacy, then, might be a valuable tool for preventing…

It is becoming clear that the difficulties which people experience in most areas of life are closely connected with the ways in which they see themselves and the world in which they live. There is considerable evidence that student failures in the basic school subjects, as well as misdirected motivation and lack of commitment (characteristic of…

Schools have come under sharp criticism for their apparent ineffectiveness in reading instruction, due to interpretations of recent functional literacy survey results. Several of the major surveys are examined in this document, and in some cases their data are reanalyzed to answer additional questions. The conclusion reached from this examination…

This paper deals with socially maladjusted pupils who do not make full use of school opportunities. Through a Philadelphia Board of Education resolution passed on October 30, 1972, approval was given for the offering of social work services to the Charles W. Henry School to help socially maladjusted pupils. At Henry School, the social workers…