This review considers how research in vocational behavior reflects demographic changes during the last 20 years. The themes of career and life transitions and person/situation matches for minorities, women, and older workers are evident. The research points to ways of enhancing employees' career resilience, insight, and identity. (180 references)…

In next 15 years, economy will grow more slowly than it did in 1980s because of slow growth in labor force. Service industry will provide most of new jobs, and higher educational attainment will be needed to enable people to compete in an increasingly diverse labor force. (Includes projections and expected competition for about 250 occupations.)…

A national survey of 483 preschool personnel revealed that paraprofessionals were hired in high proportions across all program types and more frequently in mainstreamed than nonmainstreamed programs. The lowest levels of paraprofessional employment occurred for public school kindergartens. Nearly three-fourths of the mainstreamed programs did not…

Evaluates three broad dimensions of new urban-growth and urban-decline patterns in the United States on the basis of results from the 1990 census. These dimensions involve new patterns of urbanization, the expanded growth of the nation's minority populations, and the continued spread of population and jobs outward from central cities. (GLR)

The hiring practices of Harvard University are examined as they relate to the argument that black college faculty members are not available because there are no blacks in the "pipeline" of Ph.D.s. This spurious defense is an anachronism that must be reexamined in considering racial diversity at America's universities. (SLD)

Whether methadone maintenance treatment demonstrates cumulative (rehabilitative) or stabilizing effects on behavior of narcotics addicts over multiple treatment episodes was studied involving 993 addicts in a quasi-experimental design. Observed behavioral changes and longitudinal self-reports indicate stabilizing, but not cumulative, effects. (SLD)

A study compared the practice patterns of 41 dentists with graduate training in general dentistry with those of 41 dentists without such training, in terms of number and types of procedures performed, patient characteristics, professional and community activities, and practice characteristics. Some differences were found, particularly in patient…

Three prevalent misconceptions about Asian Pacific Americans in higher education are challenged, based on distribution data and documented tenure cases: that they are well represented in college faculties and key administrative positions, do not face discriminatory or unfair employment practices, and are less likely than others to contest…

Nine articles discuss the effect of economic and social upheaval on employment and wages in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, the USSR, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. (SK)

Examines relationship between employment earnings and farm wives' decisions to work off-farm. Examines effects of wives' human capital, home factors, and labor market on work decisions and earnings. Education, experience, debt, and farm size were stronger influences on wives' decisions than on their earnings variations, once employed. (TES)

A survey of 391 dentists completing a postdoctoral general dentistry program and 369 not participating in such a program revealed 75% of program participants were trained in civilian programs and the remainder in either military or Veterans Administration training programs. Employment patterns, treatment settings, and patterns of practice or…

Survey data from the Philippines, India, and Pakistan show that imperfect information about worker productivity affects wage distribution across workers and over time; employers discriminate statistically regarding productivity and wages; calorie consumption affects productivity but is not rewarded; and (4) imperfect information can lead to…

Data from the 1990 Ecuadorian census indicate that expected fertility-reducing effects of women's education, student status, and labor force participation were lessened in the Amazon as a consequence of its family-based economy, class structure, and high-fertility demographic regime. Development of the extractive periphery in Ecuador is…

Increasingly, doctoral programs are cutting enrollments to allow them to offer more financial support to doctoral students, often guaranteeing five-year stipends. The combination of fewer applicants and fewer places in doctoral programs has created competition for the best graduate students. Course offerings have also been reduced, making…

Underemployment is another indicator of nonmetropolitan labor's disadvantaged circumstances. Yearly employment transitions during 1968 and 1993, show that compared to urban counterparts, adequately employed nonmetro workers were more likely to become underemployed; the nonmetro underemployed were less likely to become adequately employed; and…