A four-month study of three adolescents with visual impairments found the students required additional time and assistance to complete their homework and class projects, performed a range of independent living tasks but less frequently than sighted peers, preferred interaction with others with visual impairments, and had limited vocational…

Estimates alternative models of the effect of neighborhood characteristics on outcomes for young adult women using family and neighborhood data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Includes a standard model with controls for family background and fixed-effect models that control for unobservable family characteristics. Isolates social and…

A study examined the effect of visual status (visually impaired or sighted) and setting (indoor or outdoor) on the social behaviors of nine preschoolers with visual impairments and 11 typical preschoolers in an inclusive setting. Regardless of their visual status, the children spent significantly more time near sighted children. (Contains…

Assessed impact of an antipoverty program on family functioning and developmental outcomes for preschool- and school-aged children. Found that the New Hope program had strong positive effects on boys' academic achievement, classroom behavior, positive social behavior, and problem behaviors, and on boys' expectations for advanced education and…

Uses excerpts from children's literature to describe types of gatherings that attract and bring children together. Identifies positive gathering situations (family, neighborhood, and cultural) and negative gathering situations. Presents sample activities that can be carried out in classroom settings to help students recreate gatherings and learn…

Defines dialogue and traces some of the forces that underlie thinking and acting in social settings where collective action is sought. Discusses stages and core elements in the dialog process. Describes results of the Dialog Project at MIT in terms of research sites, theory, facilitator development, educational material, an international…

A two-part measure for persons with schizophrenia includes a self-administered checklist assessing perceived competence in work-related social situations and a role-play exercise assessing social skills for acquiring and keeping jobs. Reliability and validity were upheld in a test with schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic participants. (Contains 60…

A study of 31 typical children aged 5-10 engaged in child-to-child social interactions, found joint attention was positively related to age and activity, eye gaze was low relative to joint attention and object engagement, and eye gaze was significantly less than what has been reported for adult-child and adult-adult dyads. (Contains references.)…

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), consisting of 23 yes/no items, was used to screen 1,293 children. Of the 58 given a diagnostic/developmental evaluation, 39 were diagnosed with autism. Six items pertaining to social relatedness and communication provided the best means of discrimination among children. (Contains references.)…

Examines decision reliability associated with estimates of risk status for 114 first grade students. The study focused on social behaviors as measured by the School Social Behavior Scales and Social Skills Rating System. Overall, the decision reliability between the two measures was moderate when social behaviors were rated by the teacher and low…

A study examined the ability of 56 children with learning problems and 56 typical children to resolve the social problems of whether to share limited resources with a peer. Only 15% of the dyads of children with learning problems shared, compared to 58% of typical children. (CR)

Describes how a pervasive alienation from and apprehension toward others can lead into a desire for certainty, rigid boundaries, and even physical separation. Proposes a theory that connects a person's communicative choices with their personal narratives, personal narratives with bodily experience of emotionality and mood, and each of the above…

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a social cognitive intervention program for Dutch aggressive boys and to compare it with a social skills training and a waitlist control group. Method: A randomized, controlled treatment outcome study with 97 aggressive boys (aged 9-13 years) was presented. An 11 session group treatment, a social…

This study examined reciprocal-influence models of the association between relational self-views and peer stress during early adolescence. The first model posited that adolescents with negative self-views disengage from peers, creating stress in their relationships. The second model posited that exposure to peer stress fosters social…

This research examined the hypothesis that a tendency to base one's self-worth on peer approval is associated with positive and negative aspects of children's well-being. A sample of 153 fourth through eighth graders (9.0 to 14.8 years) reported on need for approval, global self-worth, social-evaluative concerns, anxiety and depression, and…