Examines changes in economic conditions and policy that have influenced special employment programs. Reviews and assesses public works programs, job creation, subsidized schemes, self-employment, and welfare-oriented programs. Discusses two critical issues: targeting and program duration. (SK)

Employment growth continued at a slower pace in 1989; in manufacturing, employment actually declined. The slower pace was experienced by all major demographic groups. Little change in unemployment occurred for all major worker groups. (SK)

Refugee assistance programs are typically designed for men, who are greatly outnumbered by refugee women. A critique of training and job development opportunities shows that women are trained to produce items of little demand, those with children have difficulty attending training, and they are reluctant to engage in paid work if it affects their…

Describes program innovations to keep older workers employed: retraining, job sharing, flexible working hours, job redesign, and phased retirement. Addresses costs and savings, disincentives for workers and employers, and future trends. (SK)

The Teacher Job Questionnaire distributed to 3,150 elementary teachers received 31 percent response identifying teacher job interests and characteristics. Results demonstrate that it is critical for policymakers, administrators, teachers, and teacher educators to recognize the effects of their decisions on the design of teaching jobs and outcomes…

Redesigning jobs, training, and retraining may be the most important economic challenge facing this country for the next decade. Training must support jobs that are really changing and retraining has to prepare people for jobs that really exist. (Author/JOW)

Uses data from a state-sponsored career ladder program to examine the interrelationships between work redesign, work rewards, values, and job satisfaction. Shows that participation in work redesign is associated with job satisfaction among more experienced teachers, but not among their less experienced counterparts. Extrinsic rewards (higher…

Time sharing, in which professionals distribute their working hours among several enterprises through part-time contracts, creates jobs, enables small businesses to take advantage of skills and experience, and gives flexibility. The question of how benefits, retirement, and unemployment insurance apply remains to be resolved. (SK)

Data from the 1970 and 1980 censuses showed that (1) occupational and industrial segregation declined; (2) high employment growth in an occupation was associated with the decline; and (3) high employment growth is associated with improvements in relative female earnings. Results suggest that sex discrimination is lower in sectors where demand is…

Reviews the range of responses taken in industrialized countries seeking to deal with substantial worker displacement. Practices discussed include preventive subsidies, buyouts, retraining, job-search assistance, job creation, local and regional development, and local enterprise development. (Author/JOW)

Includes "Role of Computers in Reshaping the Work Force" (McConnell); "Semiconductors" (Moris); "Computer Manufacturing" (Warnke); "Commercial Banking Transformed by Computer Technology" (Morisi); "Software, Engineering Industries: Threatened by Technological Change?" (Goodman); "Job Creation…

Critically examines the suggestion that unemployment could be reduced by creating jobs in nonprofit organizations, observes trends in the sector's employment and resources, and discusses the conditions in which nonprofit organizations provide social services more efficiently that government and for-profit enterprises. Concludes that this is not a…

A competency-based education program trained 217 unlicensed assistive health care personnel. Participants gained knowledge and skills and expressed eagerness to learn more and work on teams. The job description was revised into the position of nurse extenders. (SK)

Rural school districts across the country have seen a serious loss of employment opportunities for families in their communities. Even when jobs exist, they are often low-level service jobs that do not provide wages that encourage young people to grow roots. When good jobs are available, often those jobs are outsourced to other low-wage areas,…

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a function that transcends, but includes, making profits, creating jobs, and producing goods and services. The effectiveness with which corporations perform this function determines their contribution (or lack of contribution) to social cohesion. This article therefore presents a discussion of some of the…