An individual free token/response cost system was used to decrease the stuttering of an elementary-level student. Reasons for the effectiveness of this technique may include its provision of immediate feedback, use of visual cues, and simple recordkeeping. (Author/CL)

The study presented data covering the application of a response cost contingency to the self-injurious and aggressive/destructive behaviors of an autistic adolescent boy. The S's target response rate was reduced from a daily mean of 29 during baseline to a 0.3 during the final phase of the treatment condition. (Author)

A comparison of the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and response cost in reducing the offtask behavior of two boys (7 and 8 years old) with attentional deficit disorders and hyperactivity revealed that response cost (with free time as the reinforcer) was superior to Ritalin in increasing ontask behavior and improving academic performance.…

Two studies evaluated the use of protective equipment in treating self injurious behavior (SIB) exhibited by three retarded adolescents. Results suggested that contingent protective equipment and differential reinforcement may be effective in reducing chronic self injury. (Author)

Results indicated that free time was a very effective reinforcer and that, under the token program, the students (two 7 and 9 year olds who rarely completed assignments) increased their task completion. (Author)

A six-week contingency management program to improve classroom behavior of learning disabled high school students climaxed in a two-day camping field trip. (A detailed trip log is included.) (PHR)

The paper describes a program in which the rate of accurate response by six special education students (10 to 13 years old) to multiplication fact questions was increased by the application of contingent reinforcement procedures. (Author)

A 13-year-old learning-disabled subject received a daily amount of trading stamps contingent on school attendance. Results showed a significant decrease in truancy from three to four days per week to less than one. A reversal design indicated that truancy could be controlled by the contingency procedure. (Author/GDC)

Four boys (five to seven years old) with autistic-like behavior were treated for self-stimulatory behavior with three different treatment procedures--time out, differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), and overcorrection. (Author)

Examined effectiveness of comprehensive contingency management program implemented in adjudicated male adolescent learning center. Measured offense behavior and student performance of an average of 45 male juveniles over 3-year period in residential and school settings. Found comprehensive contingency program increased student performance and…

Reinforcement contingencies defined by the response deprivation hypothesis were evaluated with three moderately mentally retarded persons (ages 17, 18, and 19). In the presence of the low probability, freely available response, a consistent reinforcement effect was evident whereas in the presence of a high probability response, the reinforcement…

The study of 20 adult stutterers participating in a 32-hour program of fluency training found that results were consistent with the hypothesis that improvements in fluency during response-contingent stimulation may occur when stutterers access extant fluent speech that is not otherwise being fully utilized. (Author/DB)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of high probability requests and time-out as treatments for noncompliance which appeared to be maintained by contingent attention in two developmentally normal children. The introduction of high-probability requests increased compliance for one child but not the other. Time-out was effective with both…

Two students with severe disabilities were alternately presented with interspersed high-compliance requests and social comments as antecedents to low-compliance requests. Analysis found similar positive effects on compliance for interspersed requests and social comments. The effectiveness of social comments was related to the time interval between…

Secondary students (n=110) with disabilities rated 90 potential reinforcers. Results indicated that, although student preferences represent a range of reinforcers within existing reinforcement hierarchies, the sample group tended to prefer less intrusive higher level reinforcers, with the overwhelming majority preferring academic or activity…