Reports likely questions and criticisms of teachers and parent groups about whole language instruction. Provides responses that may be given by those who feel challenged to defend their practice as whole language teachers. (BAC)

Spelling instruction for students with deafness is examined in the context of the whole-language approach. Stages in the development of spelling ability are identified, and five strategies for young writers are suggested. (DB)

This article describes how a teacher at the Manitoba School for the Deaf applied Kaplan's Curriculum Differentiation Model for gifted and talented students to develop a thematic unit ("Patterns") for a grade 3 whole language classroom. (Author/DB)

Reports on a three-part study comparing the effects of whole language practice versus traditional basal instruction on children's reading attitudes. Finds no evidence that the whole language philosophy offers inevitable advantages over traditional instruction in building students' attitudes toward reading. Suggests that how individual teachers…

Examines whether teachers who have a webblike, multidimensional ordering style preference are more likely to view whole language as a valuable approach to language arts instruction than are teachers with a more methodical, step-by-step orientation to learning. Finds that a relationship exists between learning style preference and orientation to…

This paper discusses the history of U.S. reading instruction; instructional approaches and learning processes; the whole language view of literacy acquisition; promoting literate behavior through reading to or writing with children, shared reading, and guiding children's reading/writing; and use of the whole language approach with…

Discusses the use of invented spelling to help kindergarten students learn to spell. It provides a natural foundation for building spelling abilities by making students think about words and generate new knowledge. Activities are suggested and guidelines are presented for a developmentally sensitive spelling program. (SM)

Describes one educator's whole-language approach to elementary school reading. Her class activities focus on books and friends during February to help celebrate Valentine's day. Two student pages offer friendship-oriented student activities. (SM)

This paper reviews the history of whole-language versus code-emphasis approaches to reading instruction. The paper concludes that students with severe learning disabilities may learn to read in a whole-language, mainstream classroom, if provided with supplemental instruction, a variety of instructional techniques, and appropriate intensity and…

A whole-language approach to science can enhance student learning. Curiosity about science leads to research, reading, and writing. An example of a two-week unit on ants is presented, in which students begin by watching the ants, then organize their thoughts, research ants, write about ants, and create final projects. (SM)

Examines the development of the schema, or cognitive structure, theory of reading comprehension. Advances a model for improving listening comprehension within the classroom through a teacher-facilitated approach which leads students to selecting and utilizing existing schema within a whole-language environment. (MDM)

Traditional Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals focusing on mastery of skills taught in isolation are inappropriate for primary-level whole-language classrooms containing children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Sample goals and objectives that measure students' growing ability to read and write are presented. (JDD)

A group of Ohio teachers of deaf students received in-depth training in the use of whole-language strategies, focusing first on writing strategies, followed by reading instruction and integration of reading and writing. The training plan involved group instruction, reading materials, observations, individual conferences, teacher-trainer dialogue…

Reports on research that investigated students' perceptions of the purpose of certain whole-language strategy lessons. Concludes that, even in whole-language lessons, authenticity may be missing. Helps educators think more deeply about what literacy lessons should be like for students and how instruction can help develop students' strategies while…

Calls for resolution of the ambiguities and contradictions of the language and the practices of whole language. Attempts to elucidate conflicting conceptions and practices among whole-language advocates and thereby make whole language even stronger. (MG)