From preschool to nine years of age, boys show a developmental change from selective competitiveness to a general tendency to compete, while girls consistently vary their game behavior according to situational cues such as those provided by instructions or the sex of a game partner. (Author/MC)

A holistic study of a junior high school environment reveals disparity between student culture and teacher culture, as well as widely differing views between students and teachers as to the role and importance of instruction as part of the school day. (LH)

Reviews advances in child behavior therapy by illustrating the range of problems treated and the techniques and accomplishments that have emerged. Discusses training of parents, teachers, peers, and children themselves in behavior change techniques, as well as general implications of therapeutic developments for enhancing child welfare. (GC)

Describes the prevalence and types of behavior problems found in a sample of 418 preschool children in North London, United Kingdom. (MP)

This study compared the relative efficacy of four short-term intervention techniques for modifying negative racial attitudes in White second- and fifth-grade school children. (CM)

Elementary and secondary student responses to the "Minnesota School Affect Assessment" reveal that cooperativeness relates to a broad range of positive attitudes toward school. Competitiveness correlates with several positive attitudes only for junior and senior high school students. Individualistic attitudes and school-related attitudes are…

Describes a method for determining the effects of sex (or any other dichotomous characteristic) from the individual correlated behavioral responses observed in dyadic interactional situations. (Author/MP)

The sociological theory that men are instrument or task specialists and that women are expressive or social specialists has been weakened by research on small groups, families and personality. This paper suggests that sex differences in task-oriented situations may be explained by status processes, men having higher status than women. (Author/JM)

The degree of equality or equity in reward allocations made by men and women is explored in three studies. (Editor)

Differential responding for males and females on individual items from the Adult Self Expression Scale was investigated using four samples. Men report themselves as more assertive in dealing with bosses and supervisors. Women report themselves as more assertive in expressing love, affection, compliments, and anger to one's parents. (Author)

Female subjects (N=22) in two consciousness-raising groups were objectively assessed to determine whether changes relating to self-reported profeminist attitudes and behaviors and relating to self-esteem and social desirability would occur. All experimental subjects significantly shifted toward more self-reported profeminist attitudes and…

Two studies were performed comparing the effectiveness of fixed-ratio (FR) and variable-ratio (VR) schedules of punishment during application and extinction. Subjects were two young children. Both studies found significant positive "side effects" of punishment in terms of increased play and social behavior as well as increased performance of…