Combines qualitative and quantitative Scottish data to analyze the frequency of mainstreaming for special needs students from 1986 through 1988. Records of Needs as legislated by the 1981 Education (Scotland) Act, and interviews with educational professionals, provided data. Shows mainstreaming more likely for students with physical or sensory…

Traces the history of English prevocational education since 1870, examining four pieces of educational legislation. Outlines the recurring debate over the extent utilitarianism should define education. Focuses on political and economic requirements that fostered utilitarianism. Evaluates the act's technical and vocational education initiative. (CH)

This article examines effects of the 1988 Education Reform Act in the United Kingdom, especially the decline in participative decision making by teachers, increased centralization of control, and the introduction of a national curriculum. The paper also discusses the historical relationship between professional autonomy for teachers and control of…

Klasing discusses the inability of school library facilities to meet current challenges for the delivery of programs and information. Callison then provides an overview of this issue on planning learning environments for school media centers, which contains four articles covering space requirements, ergonomic design, legislation on equal access,…

Summarizes federal legislation regarding equal access for students with disabilities and discusses environmental barriers to accessibility in the library media center. Solutions to these design problems are suggested in the following areas: material formats and space requirements; the physical setting, including furniture, floor coverings,…

Reviews the restructuring of the Chicago (Illinois) Public Schools. Key choices made about restructuring over 10 years are discussed, and 18 key elements for improvement are identified. It is argued that the reform is on the right track, with potential for substantial impact. (SLD)

Addresses the issue of drug-exposed infants from the perspective of a reproductive rights attorney. States genuinely interested in promoting healthy children will stop ignoring women or treating them as potential child abusers and will change the current punitive legal focus to a focus on treatment. (SLD)

Analysis of court cases, employment law, and events in higher education yielded information about tenure as a contract, use of credentials as evidence, and due process in orderly tenure procedures. Academic, legal, and ethical perspectives are considered. Guidelines for social work faculty in dealing with these issues are offered. (Author/MSE)

A review of optometry's twentieth-century history looks at curriculum standardization and recognition of the doctorate in Optometry, federal legislation, public health movement, optometry in universities, use of pharmaceuticals, the primary care concept, Optometry in group health care, growth of professional publications, and entry into health…

Focuses on various provisions of the 1990 tax act. Offers insights into existing laws that require that day care center business transactions be properly structured. (BB)

Executive and legislative branches of the New York State government have made consistent efforts to address the dropout problem, which is particularly acute in urban schools, through new initiatives and increased funding. State aid programs are summarized, and suggestions for improvement are provided. (SLD)

The history of federal support of supplementary education for low-achieving children in low-income neighborhoods demonstrates the positive, although not statistically significant, impact of Chapter 1 and the Hawkins Stafford amendments and predecessors. Issues that must be considered in reauthorizing Chapter 1 in 1993 are discussed. (SLD)

Argues that recent trends in Supreme Court decisions do not bode well for future civil rights claims of minorities. Changes affecting the Court stem from the unhappiness of political conservatives. The emerging conservative minority and its historical development are described as an aspect of regressive political and policymaking forces. (SLD)

Reviews and analyzes the legal development and current status of affirmative action. Traces the aftermath of the Brown versus Board of Education case, the benign discrimination doctrine, the impact of the City of Richmond versus Croson in minority set-asides in Virginia, and the strict scrutiny standard. (JB)

Offers an analysis of the legal, court, and regulatory work of the Reagan and, to some extent, the Bush administrations on the issues of civil rights and affirmative action. Argues that these administrations worked to shift the views of the high court and mounted an offensive against affirmative action. (JB)