Self v ideal-self measures were defined on Adjective Check List. Overall congruence was indexed by phi coefficient for items and by sum of absolute differences on scores for 24 scales. Results indicate that internal components of self-ideal congruence have differential implications that overall measures fail to detect. (Author/BEF)

Problems with the ideological framework of the idea of accountability are discussed in terms of how "technological consciousness" requires that all elements be considered as reducible to objective measurable performance criteria, and that nonmeasurables be considered as "not real." (JMF)

Critiques two central issues of measurement as applied to the evaluation of student progress in cooperative education: reliability and validity. Urges the synthesis of measurement and professional judgment in all phases of the evaluation process. (SK)

Reviews three response rate measures (in a baseline measurement, immediately after acquisition, and at a long-term retention test) of infant memory that are used in experiments involving infants' conditioned kicking. Compares these measures to a new measure, the fraction of kicking rate remaining after the retention interval. Explains the…

The role of differing epistemologies in the controversy surrounding behavioral consultation is reviewed; substantial areas of agreement are found. Differing epistemological standards applied to verbal reports, and the use of broad theoretical versus specific operational definitions have both contributed to the controversy. Shared concerns may be…

Assessing educational outcomes is a matter of great importance for everyone in a society that relies primarily on public schools to shape the next generation of citizens. Given the vital nature of this task, it is imperative that the researchers who undertake it have an informed understanding of the measures used to evaluate educational outcomes.…

In general, it is assumed that distinct true values will be found behind what is actually measured in surveys. By acquiring sufficient knowledge of measurement error, its extent and nature, we are supposed to be able to obtain adequate knowledge of underlying properties. It could be maintained, however, that this idea of a stable and…

Researchers who use the concept of school climate in their research should be aware of the ways in which climate can be measured and what the different methods of measurement imply. Among the typical kinds of measures of school climate currently in use are normative approaches that focus on students' and teachers' perceptions of school norms,…

A bibliographic research project was conducted to identify the major articles published from 1974 to 1984 on measurement and evaluation in public relations, business, and organizational communication. The major findings of the project were as follows: (1) Some kind of evaluation and measurement is needed; (2) There is no concensus about the type…

This paper compares the present official poverty measure with a relative measure of poverty. The comparison is made both conceptually and empirically. These two aspects comprise the two major parts of the paper. Within the first part, the conceptual section, various issues common to both poverty measures as well as the measures themselves are…

As a result of the Experiential Education Evaluation Project the publication identifies instruments used to measure and assess experiential learning programs. The following information is given for each instrument: rationale for its inclusion in the study; precise issues or outcomes designed to measure, validity and reliability data; and…

Two approaches to criterion-referenced measurement are described and contrasted--domain-referenced testing and mastery testing. This paper is organized according to ten issues or stages in test construction: (1) content domain specification; (2) item construction; (3) item domain specification; (4) item analysis; (5) item selection; (6) parallel…

Available designs and instruments for evaluation are not adequate to meet the varied needs of evaluation. Therefore, evaluation needs to be reshaped in terms of 1) consideration of how and where currently available theories, designs, and instruments are proving useful, 2) identification of needs that cannot be met ith currently available…

Contends that, to the extent possible, the demonstrated needs of a library's constituency--inferred from the measurement of scientifically-observed objective data--must constitute the primary basis upon which to establish, develop, and discontinue library collections and services. One figure is used to illustrate these interrelationships.…

Argues that the failure to employ direct measures of the provider role and underconceptualization of existing provider-role measures have prevented family researchers from adequately testing hypotheses linking wives' employment to division of household labor. It concludes with suggestions for improved measurement of the provider role. (Author/BL)