This paper identifies the major modes of thought that have characterized the conduct of teaching, research, and supervision at institutions of higher education, focusing specifically on the fields of psychology and education. These frameworks for thinking (paradigms) in both the social and "hard" sciences have progressed through three…

These transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which since 1965 has provided the bulk of federal aid to elementary and secondary schools and related programs. Much of the testimony was from Arizona education officials, school administrators, teachers, civic leaders, and…

In the 1960s, credit-by-examination was promoted as a way to broaden access to college. In 1971, Ewald Nyquist, Commissioner of Education in the Regents system of New York, proposed that the Educational Testing Service offer a degree based entirely on performance on examinations. Although a few institutions theoretically offer such degrees, in…

The ethical and educational dimensions of the quest for multicultural and bilingual education are explored, introducing the variety and complexity of these problems and ways of thinking about them. The application of liberal, democratic, and communitarian theories of political morality is discussed as examples of alternative approaches to these…

The Appalachian Access and Success Project analyzed the barriers to and influences on access to higher education in the 29-county area of Ohio Appalachia. The research attempted to identify possible points of intervention to improve access rates for high school students entering 2- and 4-year colleges in the region. Surveys of 1,553 high school…

A study explored learning outcomes for secondary students in Pennsylvania. Data were collected in two stages: through a survey of the opinions of 1,089 educators in eastern Pennsylvania (51% response) and through a random sample of 3,364 member of the business and industrial community in the area (22.3% response). The survey resulted in the…

This study investigated how and why high school students in Papua New Guinea may resist education, particularly as these factors affect individual identity and academic success. The study was in response to concern over declining student achievement. In a coastal village and two schools in the provincial capital, informal interviews were conducted…

Career education and guidance (CEG) are schools is primarily concerned with helping students make and implement career decisions. Evidence from motivation, self-efficacy, expectancy-value, achievement motivation, and attribution theory suggests that CEG may helps enhance pupil motivation and attainment. In terms of those theories, CEG can help…

In the last 20 years, the incidence of home schooling in the United States has increased dramatically. This review examines the history of home schooling, the demographic characteristics of students schooled at home, and the reasons parents select this type of education. Findings suggest that parents who home school their children tend to have 2…

This report examines the individual and societal benefits of attending college, providing a broad overview of the range of benefits that accrue from college education. It includes a brief historical discussion of the benefits of higher education and the role of state and federal governments in encouraging college attendance. The report then…

Increasing parent involvement in the Pacific region requires an understanding of the traditional system of Pacific education. While historically Pacific education involved parents and community members as children's first teachers, the American model of education virtually ignores this tradition. The school assumes the entire responsibility for…

Based on a review of current literature, this report provides information on the impact of heterogeneous grouping versus homogeneous grouping on secondary student performance. Following a definition of ability grouping and arguments for and against its employment in current educational practice, the document examines five significant factors…

This study was conducted to identify a difference between preschool teachers' and school-based administrators' perceptions of critical issues and the numerical ranking assigned to those issues in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools' (North Carolina) Chapter 1 Preschool Program. The study tested three hypotheses, and sought to ascertain what teachers…

This booklet offers parents guidance on teaching their children attitudes, learning skills, and study skills that will help them succeed in school. Section 1 focuses on the creation of a shared learning environment in the home. Parents are encouraged to set limits, establish routines, provide a secure atmosphere of encouragement and support,…

A study examined the current policies, practices, and perceived unmet needs of selected organizations involved in employment, training, and education (ETE) for offenders and exoffenders in the Yorkshire and Humberside region of the United Kingdom. Representatives of 63 of the more than 100 probation services, further education (FE) colleges,…