Discussing various theories about the relationship between the educational process and inequality, the article maintains that in order to understand how unequal educational opportunity is maintained and its relationship to social inequality, how these processes operate in the social organization of the school and in classroom situations must be…

Adolescent males (N=568) responded to a questionnaire examining their food supplement usage, types of food supplements consumed, reasons for use and non-use, relationship of use to concern for health, and demographic and external factors influencing supplement use. Presents factors related to food supplement usage. (RC)

The effects of teacher praise, ignoring, time-out, and parental contingencies on the number of inappropriate behaviors of two mentally handicapped (IQ's 55 and 51) male students ages seven and nine were investigated in a one-year study. Both students reduced inappropriate noise and behavior, and the frequency of inappropriate behavior remained…

A recommended class activity is a simple gift exchange. Vocabulary, including a wide range of options, holiday terms, and idioms, is introduced at the beginning of class. Partners are assigned, exchange takes place, and thank-you notes may be written. Student enthusiasm and attention are often by-products. (MSE)

Observed 100 funerals in a southern state and described the roles enacted by ministers, family members, and friends. Discusses variations by church size, the overlap of role styles, and the process by which socialization into the various roles occurs. Examines the complementary interaction between roles. (Author/JAC)

Identifies social behaviors observed in (N=115) preschool children while manipulating various toys and materials in a preschool setting. Discusses the resulting data on toy/material use in terms of selecting physical stimuli in social behavior modification efforts for positive social interaction. (Author)

A study investigated the decision-making process regarding the cigarette smoking of students in grades 5, 7, 9, and 11. Results indicate that greater emphasis needs to be placed on the social factors of the decision-making process in school health education programs and that the emphasis on social concerns should increase with grade level. (JN)

A social effectiveness program which teaches positive social behavior to socially handicapped children is described. The social effectiveness training inservice program agenda includes: (1) establishing expectations for social behavior; (2) introducing and strengthening new skills; and (3) positive feedback and ignore-attend-praise strategies. (JN)

The dyadic interaction of popular and unpopular children was compared. Analysis revealed that unpopular children were more disagreeable and less likely to provide a general reason or rule for their disagreement or to suggest a constructive alternative when criticizing a peer. (Author/MP)

Dyadic free play of 32 preschool children (16 deaf and 16 hearing) was videotaped on two occasions; each child was observed once with a deaf partner, once with a hearing partner. Results are discussed in terms of the social interactions of hearing and deaf children, with particular attention to the characteristics of initiation attempts.…

The premise that "sports builds character" is scrutinized through a discussion of several contact sports--boxing, hockey, and football. The fine line between assertiveness and aggression is explored, and the interrelationship between society and sports is investigated. (JN)

Investigates teachers' responses to initiations of interaction by severely mentally handicapped children who were rated as extremely excitable or inhibitable. (MP)

The daily behavior of 240 mentally retarded adult residents and 75 staff members was analyzed in relation to facility size (ranging from 6 to 20 residents) and other environmental variables. Staff behavior was remarkably homogeneous and generally unrelated to facility characteristics. In contrast, resident behavior differed significantly across…

This paper describes some of the more current research in the area of social networks of the early adolescent (ages 10 to 15), and discusses the direction of research in adolescent social networks. (KC)

Reviews current psychological and social issues that relate to the adolescent period of development, explores problem areas in counseling adolescents and provides practical suggestions on approaches to these problems. Helpful attitudes which work with this age group are described. (Author)