The article reviews both the history of the blindness field in the Soviet Union and current trends and programs with emphasis on the development of educational programs for blind and visually impaired children. Psychosocial and employment issues are also addressed. (Author/DB)

A school administrator discusses programs and policies of special education in the Philippines, outlining the Bureau of Elementary Education's role in developing services for blind and visually impaired children. (Author/DB)

Data from a survey of 88 computer-assisted instruction (CAI) projects suggests that (1) costs of CAI include far more than computer hardware, (2) CAI is not always more cost effective than other alternatives, and (3) underutilization of CAI delivery systems reduces cost effectiveness. (IAH)

The educational reform movement has resulted in staff development requirements which have created implementation problems for rural schools. The educational cooperative provides a solution to these implementation problems. (JD)

Identifying and accessing services that facilitate transition can be difficult for the disabled. There is a need for delivery systems to facilitate the provision of services. (JOW)

A service delivery model for language learning disabled adolescents is described. The model involves a daily classroom format which focuses on teaching language-based academic skills with an emphasis on learning strategies. Philosophical and historical rationales are presented, along with a curriculum implementation example. (Author/DB)

The institution-based model for providing services to individuals with disabilities has limitations in both developing and developed countries. The community-based rehabilitation model was positively evaluated by the World Health Organization as an alternative approach, but the evaluation is questioned on methodological and philosophical grounds.…

Presented are demographic data and research findings on ethnic minorities with disabilities, providing insight into how these characteristics impact the rehabilitation process and the delivery of services. Recommendations are offered on professional preparation of rehabilitation counselors to better serve minorities with disabilities. (Author/JDD)

An enabling and empowering model of helping relationships is proposed to promote increased parent participation in family-centered care of health-impaired children. The model includes descriptions of three clusters of helping behaviors (prehelping, helping, and posthelping) that have competency-producing influences. The model's use is illustrated…

The article examines issues in inservice teacher training in special education in the United Kingdom in light of the implementation of "Grant Related Inservice Training" (Grist). It also looks at recent inservice innovations including the trend toward modular courses to gain qualifications at varying levels. (DB)

School administrators are caught between the special education requirements of a free appropriate education and the mainstreaming preference embodied in federal law. This article analyzes circuit court cases and explains four overlapping judicial standards that influence mainstreaming decisions. Administrators should avoid blanket-separation and…

Describes the components and procedures involved in implementing St. John's University's (New York) document delivery system, which uses University Microfilm International's PowerPackages product in conjunction with the Multi-Project for Automated Library System used by Westchester Academic Libraries Director's Organization. Evaluates the impact…

This article provides a British perspective on the future of special schools for children with disabilities in the context of increasing integration efforts. It documents the decline of special schools and notes the influence of various special interest groups. It concludes that a range of adaptive learning environments rather than doctrinaire…

This paper notes the need for an empirically based model for helping students with disabilities make transitions toward less restrictive settings and exit special education. Emphasis is on defining the least restrictive environment, identifying students with mild disabilities who are potential candidates for reintegration, assessing the…

This paper clarifies terms associated with leisure service delivery for children and adults with mental retardation; outlines limitations of past and existing leisure services; and suggests the development of leisure services that involve social integration, active participation, development of age-appropriate behaviors, self-determination, and…