This paper presents an overall educational philosophy of working with students underprepared for college-level work, which we term "a pedagogy of preparation." We consider how instructors scaffolded instruction to foster college readiness in students who were now able to enroll in college-level work regardless of academic preparation…

This report looks at the future for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) learning in the content of new immigration policies, the recovery from coronavirus, and Adult Education Budget devolution. Drawing on desk research and stakeholder interviews in the West Midlands region, the report considers key questions for the sector and policy…

Across all 50 states, there are different ways in which states allocate K-12 and special education funding to districts. Education Commission of the States has collected information on states' primary funding models, base per-student funding amounts, student attendance count methods, and funding for special education, English language learners,…

This document is designed to help school district teams engage in meaningful and productive conversations about how federal American Rescue Plan (ARP) Act funds can be used to address students' academic and social-emotional needs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This document offers considerations, examples of evidence-based strategies, and…

This document records testimony from a hearing before the Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Investment, part of the Committee on Education and Labor that examines the Department of Labor's (DOL's) policies and actions regarding the Nation's apprenticeship system. First authorized by the 1937 National Apprenticeship Act, Registered…

The purpose of this report is to share with the U.S. Department of Education (Department) observations made by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) regarding States' Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund initial 45-day reports and annual reports. The objectives of the review were to review States' initial 45-day GEER Fund reports to…

Using newly available data on all civil rights complaints submitted to the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights related to racial discrimination in discipline between 1999 and 2018, I provide the first systematic evidence on how modern federal civil rights enforcement is used to address racial discrimination in discipline. I find…

The education of students with disability has changed dramatically over the past 50 years. Universal declarations and conventions have underpinned many of these changes at both an international level and within Australia. In the early 1970s, the philosophy of John Rawls provided a theory of justice to preserve social justice and individual liberty…

One major responsibility of K-12 teachers in United States public schools is to meet the needs of disabled students. While many preservice and in-service teacher training programs present educators with information related to service delivery as outlined in a student's Individualized Education Program or 504 plan, they rarely address how to talk…

This study aims to research the phenomena of Racism and Xenophobia in pre-school education in the context of Greek reality through the attitudes and views of teachers who are the communicators of educational practice. The radical change in the racial and religious homogeneity of Greek education in recent decades as a result of globalization and…

Since 2017, hostile anti-LGBTQ+ educational bills rapidly expanded. Using traditional and critical policy analysis across three Midwestern states, we examine (1) whether state and local policymakers (n = 60) adopted trans-inclusive protections aligned with the 2017 federal "Whitaker" ruling, (2) the spread and scope of state and local…

Beginning as early as preschool, race and gender are intertwined with the way US schools mete out discipline. In particular, black students and male students are much more likely than others to be suspended or expelled--punishments that we know can hold them back academically. These disparities, and the damage they can cause, have driven recent…

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) changed federal teacher policy in a number of important ways. This article uses No Child Left Behind (NCLB), Race to the Top, NCLB waivers, and ESSA to detail these shifts. Since ESSA is in the early phase of implementation, we analyze the policy through the lens of previous empirical work as a way of…

The Assistive Technology Act of 2004 (29 U.S.C. Sec 2202(2)) defines AT as "any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities." Instructional Technology (IT), a term not…

The primary objective of this paper is to help institutions respond to the stipulation of the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 by adopting cost-effective academic integrity solutions without compromising the convenience and flexibility of online learning. Current user authentication solutions such as user ID and password, security…