Of 10 mildly retarded children (4 to 15 years old) with attention deficit disorders who were involved in an outpatient, double blind, active drug and placebo crossover study using methylphenidate, five children responded positively to active medication as measured by improvement in the Conners' rating forms for parents and teachers. (Author)

Describes how metaphors can be used in a weight control approach to: (1) uncover underlying feelings; (2) reveal hidden solutions; (3) create an aversion to undesirable intakes; (4) provide the client with a thin self-concept; and (5) increase compliance. Provides examples to demonstrate these uses. (Author/RC)

Annual controlled outcome results revealed that the program led to significant and consistent reductions in expulsions, suspensions, and grade failure, and variable, often significant, gains in attendance and achievement. (Author)

Types of training considered include selecting target behaviors which are likely to be maintained by natural consequences, promoting self-management skills, and extending stimulus control through creating similarities between the special and regular class settings and matching the regular class reinforcement frequency in the special class. (DB)

Assessed psychotherapy outcome for 177 patients who were seen for an average of 31 therapy hours with the rating scales for outcome of therapy and a therapist questionnaire. Results of a components analysis did not support Storrow's rationale groupings of the rating scales into five dimensions. (Author)

Analyzes traditional drug education prevention programs on two levels: (1) drug-related information taught to drug education teachers and the adequacy of such training in preparing them to conduct a drug education program, and (2) information conveyed from the teacher to the student and the way in which such information is received by the…

Investigated effects of an alcohol education module on college students' attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors related to alcohol use. The module favorably affected knowledge and degree of responsibility in attitudes towards alcohol. No significant difference was found on negative behavior consequences experienced by each group within three months…

Subjects were assigned to Zen meditation, antimeditation (control), or no-treatment (control) groups. Measures of anxiety showed a decrease after meditation, but no more than the control groups. State anxiety after stress showed no effect of meditation. Measures of perceptual functioning showed no differential improvement. (Author)

Assessed whether low-assertive college students' locus of control orientations would differentially affect their reactions to assertiveness training procedures. Subjects improved more on all self-report and behavioral measures than placebo or no-treatment control subjects. Externals showed significantly greater generalization of treatment effects…

While the normative frame of reference is adequate for diagnosis, a behavioral approach may be more suited to the prescriptive phase of assessment. The behavioral frame of reference is described and its relevance to prescriptive assessment is discussed. (Author)

Health educators need to utilize behavioral criteria to assess the effectiveness of school health education programs. (MM)

Behavioral studies have shown that youths in various settings can function effectively as behavior change agents. The study used five 15- to 18- year-old male youths in a closed institutional setting as behavior change agents for five male youth counselors. Staff increased their frequency of positive verbal comments. (Author)

Effects of systematic desensitization and anxiety management training in reducing test anxiety and generalizing to other anxieties were compared. Both desensitization and anxiety management training produced significant reduction of text anxiety, but by follow-up, anxiety management training produced significantly more test-anxiety reduction on…

Anxious students were randomly assigned to a wait-list control group; to three groups aided by experienced behavior therapists; or to three groups led by paraprofessionals. Results show paraprofessionals can achieve outcome and maintenance effects equivalent to more rigorously trained professionals. Paraprofessionals can conduct desensitization in…

Subjects monitored either a target behavior or a competing response, namely, its nonoccurrence. Predicted interaction between style of monitoring and deficit or excess status of target behavior did not occur. Monitoring target behavior was the most effective tactic, producing lowest drop-out rate and greatest maintenance of self-monitoring.…