Effective leadership by school principals requires the ability to plan, organize, motivate, control, anticipate, orient, coordinate, implement, staff, make decisions, and program, all effectively. These abilities can be exercised in different ways, however, and several different directions, purposes, and attitudes can be emphasized by the leader.…

To explore the specific types of power that emerge in the communication messages chief executive officers (CEOs) use when interacting with others--particularly superiors, peers, and subordinates--15 CEOs were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations. During 60-minute tape-recorded interviews, they were asked what they would say to…

Although there has been a paucity of research on what effective secondary school principals do, two recent studies offer some clues. A 1983 report by William Firestone and Bruce Wilson asserts that a high school principal may best be able to influence the school through bureaucratic and cultural linkages. Bureaucratic linkages are formal enduring…

In this paper on the role of the supervisor in education, the supervisor is delineated as one who facilitates the design and implementation of the curriculum and instruction within an organizational setting. Three models of supervision are reviewed. Nominal supervision is described as existing because those charged with supervision are given only…

The present study utilized a multidimensional model of leadership (Chelladurai & Carron, 1978) to examine the influence of personality traits and perceived leader behaviors on performance in collegiate football. Collegiate football players (n=272) from three southeastern United States universities were administered Cattell's Sixteen Personality…

A study analyzed the responses of chief executive officers (CEOs) and company presidents to a leadership test and an organizational environment test, to determine whether these individuals' managerial approaches coincided with their characterizations of their organizations' environments. Subjects, CEOs or presidents of 65 randomly selected…

There has been much debate on the topic of "leadership," "management," and "administration"--particularly regarding the roles of leadership and management--with leadership being thought of positively, and management being thought of negatively. This introductory chapter presents an overview of these topics with a…

Questions the assumption that administrative behavior can be changed from one pattern to a more effective one by a simple transition from one style to another. Argues that the administrator is subject to a wide range of personal, behavioral, environmental, and task constraints over which he has little or no control. (Author/WM)

A study was conducted to measure management styles in higher education doctoral institutions accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools as perceived by administrative employees. The survey population was the administrative employees, excluding the chief executive officer, of the 61 institutions listed by the SACS Commission on…

In a study to determine the relationship between the behavior of school system leaders and curricular change, interview and questionnaire response data were analyzed from two populations: (1) Perceived central office curricular decision makers of 10 public school systems in the State of Wisconsin, and (2) a sampling of 335 K-12 classroom teachers…

The controversy about the causal ordering of leader behaviors and unit performance is reviewed. The analysis indicates that neither the behavior-performance nor the performance-behavior proponents have provided convincing evidence. A longitudinal study of the development of these interrelationships from the initial stages is described. The results…

It was hypothesized that favorability of member attitudes toward the trainer and group in T groups is a function of similarity of members' control and affection needs with the trainer's. It was further predicted that similarity in control needs would affect attitudes toward the trainer primarily during an early stage, and similarity in affection…

Different researchers have suggested a variety of definitions for democratic leadership. As there is no one generally accepted definition, it is difficult to categorically characterize a style as democratic. Democracy in a pure form is based on the assumption that no member of the group is superior to other members. In operation, no organization…