While need for drug education in the lower grades of elementary school is recognized, K-3 elementary school teachers are not properly trained or qualified to teach this subject. To start improving the training and adequacy of these K-3 elementary school teachers for drug education, a study was conducted. (Author)

Cigarette smoking has been a behavioral enigma. Single treatment techniques, when successful, are usually plagued by high recidivism rates and "practical" insignificance. Two recent developments, rapid smoking and comprehensive behavioral programming, hold promise for the eventual behavioral control of smoking. This study describes one such…

Research presented indicates parental willingness to sign a contract might serve as a useful indicator of varying outcomes in foster care. It is recommended that use of contracts be studied in different settings and with different client populations, with adherence to the requirements of a specific contract format. (Author)

This paper explores the relationship between alienation and perceived type of freedom in homes for the aged. Homes for the aged were found to have the highest scores on alienation and conditional freedom when compared to other types of residential organizations. (Author)

The underlying goal of design proposals for local (public) authority homes for old people--minimizing residents' dependence on staff--is outlines, as are physical features of institutional accommodation held to counter fulfillment of the goal. How these issues and the related goal of independence have influenced design proposals is described.…

This paper reviews the literature and presents new data on alcohol and drug problems in older individuals. Drug abusers include users of opiates, inadvertent misusers, and deliberate abusers of nonopiates. Two to 10 percent of the elderly are alcoholic, and these are usually individuals beginning alcohol abuse after age 40. (Author)

Examination of school counselors as change agents of institutional policy was studied by information from questionnaires on the following questions: To what extent are school counselors currently promoting institutional change? Do they regard themselves as effective catalysts in producing change? What are perceived consequences of their attempts…

It is proposed that clinicians should develop research-based assertiveness training procedures for homosexuals that are designed to facilitate homosexual functioning. Subjects (N=27) were assigned to a behaviorally oriented assertive training group or a non-directive group run by a homosexual guidance service. Self-report measures indicated…

This study examines the level and variability of cardiac response during complex problem-solving and interposed rest periods and their differing relationships to estimates of personality integration on the Rorschach. Findings suggest cardiac variability may be a more differentiated measure than level of cardiac response. (Author)

This study was designed to identify kinds of information leading to increased accuracy of clinical judgments. Results confirm the feasibility of increasing accuracy in meaningful clinical judgment tasks through practice and of studying clinical judgment by using construct-oriented personality scales to which targets bear a substantive…

Indices of item difficulty and item discrimination were analyzed for the items comprising the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised as obtained from a group of 142 subjects with Full Scale IQs below 96. Evidence indicates increase in the number of items on the WISC-R helped increase its internal validity. (Author)

Both the WISC and the WISC-R were administered to 54 children, with one half taking the WISC first and the other 27 taking the WISC-R first. Differences between mean subtest scaled scores and mean IQs were found to be influenced by the sequence of the tests. (Author)

During a two-week period, 17 kindergarten children in an experimental group were exposed to nontraditional role models and curricular materials and a control group of 22 kindergarten children was exposed to a curriculum unrelated to vocational or sex roles. Neither group made a significant change in their vocational role preferences. (Author)

This study shows a change in ethnocentrism could be accomplished through use of behavior modification techniques. A total of 18 Caucasian subjects were divided into six groups: three control groups and three experimental groups. Results showed reinforcement was effective in producing attitude change. (Author)