Investigated strategies used by preschoolers to accomplish a repeatedly requested practical task. Participants satisfied customer requests for vegetables in a play store, with the number of moves and strategy type recorded and coded. Arithmetic pre- and posttests were also administered. Found that with repeated exposure, the children became…

Each Rasch (Masters) partial credit item can be expressed as the sum of independent Rasch binary items and Rasch (or Masters) indecomposable trinary items. If each trinary item is then expressed as the sum of two binary items, the binary items are positively dependent and cannot be both Rasch types. (SLD)

Undergraduate students in marketing classes were divided as follows: phase 1: 8 controls, 31 experimentals; phase 2: 81 controls, 53 experimentals. Experimental groups were tested in teams on experiential exercises throughout the semester; controls were tested individually. Experimental team scores were substantially higher than controls'…

Examined the relationship between 6- to 8-year olds' conceptual understanding of additive composition, commutativity, and associativity principles and addition problem-solving procedures. Results revealed that conceptual understanding was related to using order-indifferent, decomposition, and retrieval strategies and speed and accuracy in solving…

Compared the performance of children with and without autism in object-based positive and negative priming tasks within a visual search procedure. Found object-based positive and negative priming effects in both groups, with no group differences in the magnitude of the effects. Compared to typically developing children, children with autism were…

Three studies examined whether preschoolers' difficulties with deception and false belief arise from lack of inhibitory control rather than conceptual deficit. Found that 3-year olds deceived frequently under conditions requiring relatively low inhibitory control, but not high inhibitory control. Findings were not due to social intimidation, and…

Two studies examined whether preschool children would attend to object function over shape when labeling several familiar artifacts. Found that preschoolers attended to shape in all conditions, even when the artifact function was demonstrated. Their attention to shape was weaker when asked to "find another one" or to find another object…

Discusses the integrated concept of electronic performance support systems (EPSS) as a solution to meet performance needs of knowledge-rich workplaces where information overload is often a problem. Considers the adoption of information technology, task performance time, and support functions, and gives an example of an EPSS for marine shipping…

Two experiments investigated the contribution of automatic and intentional memory processes to 5- and 8-year-olds' acceptance of misinformation either read to them or self-generated from semantic and perceptual hints. Results from recognition tests conducted under two instructional conditions suggested that both automaticity and recollection…

Describes Glean, a system which is based on the idea that coherent text contains significant latent information, such as syntactic structure and patterns of language use, which can be used to enhance the performance of information retrieval systems. Proposes an approach to increase the precision of information-retrieval using a supertagger.…

Discusses aspects of andragogy that are important for performance improvement professionals. Topics include the core andragogical model that presents core principles of adult learning; andragogy as an individual-transactional framework; individual learner differences; situational differences; and the Andragogy in Practice Model. (Contains 70…

Three experiments examined 5- to 8-year-olds' ability to make tentative interpretations of ambiguous messages. It was concluded that although 5- and 6-year-olds' interpretations of ambiguous messages were not tentative at the outset, they were able to use source monitoring skills to treat them as tentative retrospectively, at least over short time…

Used confirmatory factor analysis to study the nature of memory distinctions underlying the performance of two samples of Vietnam veterans. One sample (n=96) had received head injuries resulting in relatively small lesions; the other (n=85) had not. A four-component model with verbal-episodic, visual-episodic, semantic, and short-term memory…

Examined whether correct eye gaze in a false belief task among 3- to 5-year-olds indexed unconscious knowledge or low confidence conscious knowledge. Found that children "bet" very highly on the location consistent with their explicit answer. Result was supported by a number of conditions that showed that betting was a sensitive measure…

The present study aimed to identify and interpret concerns of the new faculty members in Jordanian universities. A total of 336 new faculty members who participated in this study were asked to rate their perceptions of issues related to teaching, research, service, balancing work and home life and the academic culture of their workplace. Means and…