Explores the effects of three elements of the competitive situation (competitive set, competitive outcome, and interpersonal context) on intrinsic motivation in a sample of college students (n=100). Competitive outcome and interpersonal context affected intrinsic motivation: winning increased intrinsic motivation, while pressured interpersonal…

This year's "Executive Educator"/Xavier University survey of 871 school executives examined competition in schools. A majority saw today's society as highly competitive. Most believed competition improves student performance, but disdained comparative district ratings, test scores as achievement indicators, and salary/test score…

Discusses factors involved in journal competition such as price, volume of literature, the not-for-profit and for-profit sectors, as well as foreign literature quality. Presents results of a study to gauge the stability of impact factor leadership in physical sciences journals by identifying the top 100 journals in 1983 and 1993. (Author/JKP)

Central to the process of innovation is cooperation and competition between research and development activities in universities and business. This may be achieved by increasing the value of intellectual entrepreneurship, exploiting innovations commercially and reinvesting profits in the advancement of knowledge, and generating spinoff enterprises.…

Describes plans for a technical session that included presentations of six winning papers on practical collaborative applications of digital library or information science technology in advancing communications in developing countries. Papers were all written by citizens of a developing country and were selected from an international competition.…

Interviews with chief executive officers of three New Zealand polytechnics elicited themes regarding polytechnics' role in a "postmarket" environment: (1) collaboration is possible amidst fierce competition; (2) change is slow, externally driven, and complex; and (3) the polytechnic sector is in disarray. (Contains 27 references.) (SK)

Spouses working as superintendents confront agonizing logistics while establishing ground rules for dinner talk. Couples sharing the same career risk eclipsing their personal lives with professional issues. Having one's personal support network under the same roof can be mutually beneficial and synergistic. A married superintendents roster is…

Physics competitions for high school students focus on experimental measurements using fundamental physics principles. Reports on how Yale University's physics department organized a day-long event for approximately 100 high school students. (CCM)

Describes how some small-college bookstores are relocating off-campus in an effort to increase profits and help revive flagging downtown business districts. Such a move can help fight competition in the $10.1-billion college bookstore industry, especially as more chains take over the operation of college bookstores and online booksellers carve out…

Participation and competition in some sports are associated with lower stages of moral reasoning. Coaches can foster moral development by starting with the right mental model, holding benchmark meetings about team values, setting goals for physical and character skills, making time for guided discussion sessions, building community, modeling…

In the last year the anger and frustration simmering in libraries for a decade or more over the growing dysfunction of the scholarly communications system found a voice, a cause, and a cadre of allies around the globe. This time, the voices that said, "No" to the Big Deals were those of faculty members and academic officers at some very…

Both advocates of competition as a means to better school performance and economics-based research on this issue assume a direct relationship between a more competitive market structure (in terms of the number and concentration of schools in a local market) and better school performance. This is an application to schools of the…

The current research is among the first to examine whether gender or the level of competitiveness affects a person's motivation to gamble. One hundred fifty two participants completed a scale to measure whether they were intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to gamble (Gambling Motivation Scale) and a scale to measure their level of…

Gene-culture interactions have largely been modelled employing population genetic-type models. Moreover, in the most notable application to date, the "interactive" modes have been one way rather than bidirectional. This paper suggests using game theoretic, fully interactive models. Employing the logic utilized in population ecology for coevolution…

The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in Australian higher education policy over the past two decades. Using frame analysis, two shifts in higher education policy are identified. The first is in the late 1980s where the view of higher education as having a broad social, economic and cultural role was changed to one that emphasised…