The qualitative literature review includes 34 articles published in English-language, peer-reviewed journals to obtain a Nordic perspective on the status of the research on how the idea of inclusion implemented into practice is reflected in the literature from 2009 through 2019. Qualitative content analysis was conducted. In the analysis, we…

Problem behaviors negatively affect the lives of special education students in different ways. Individuals with special needs may exhibit problem behaviors such as aggression, harming themselves or others, and excessive hyperactivity in general. It can be said that intervening, taking precautions, and changing these behaviors in a positive way…

Virtual experiments are widely used in the field of education for their low cost, strong interaction, hyperspace and safety advantages. While some researchers have analysed the impact of virtual technologies such as AR or VR on teaching effectiveness, few researchers have comprehensively explored the impact of virtual experiments on students'…

Evidence-based assessment (EBA) requires that investigators employ scientific theories and research findings to guide decisions about what domains to measure, how and when to measure them, and how to make decisions and interpret results. To implement EBA, investigators need high-quality assessment tools along with evidence-based processes. We…

Background: The utility of single-subject designs as a practical methodology for rehabilitation professionals working in the field and one that allows researchers the flexibility to identify or change treatments in the event their participant or client is not responding has been established for nearly a century (Dixon, 2002). However, a content…

In educational sciences, 90s were the scene of the paradigmatic wars, as the researchers of quantitative or qualitative research only defended the ideas of the type of research they used and they constantly criticized the counter-paradigm. While this struggle is going on, mixed method research has emerged, a pragmatist approach that believes both…

This article discusses the importance of considering purpose and design as elements to determine if research is worthy of publication. It reflects the tenets of the transformative paradigm as a framework for conducting research that is viewed as worthy of being conducted by members of marginalized communities, and consequently potentially worthy…

The Curriculum for Wales became statutory for Welsh schools in September 2022. This study aimed to gather insight from Welsh teachers embedding the New Curriculum for Wales within their context, with a specific focus on the implementation of the Health and Wellbeing (HWB) Area of Learning and Experience (AoLE). Participants included fifteen…

Conventional optimal design frameworks consider a narrow range of sampling cost structures that thereby constrict their capacity to identify the most powerful and efficient designs. We relax several constraints of previous optimal design frameworks by allowing for variable sampling costs in cluster-randomized trials. The proposed framework…

In this paper we introduce the concept of contextual mitigating factors (CMFs) as an analytical tool for interrogating the contextual landscapes that situate one's research. While we understand that much work has been done on the importance of identifying context in research programs, we continue to stress the importance of developing contextually…

The Fatwa making process is a process used by an Islamic "mufti" (A Muslim legal expert) to issue a non-binding opinion or "fatwa" (judicial pronouncement in Islam) on the point of Islamic sharia law when a question is raised by a "mustafti" (The person who asks a mufti for a fatwa), the person who has asked for a…

In the mixed methods research (MMR) literature, the term paradigm is used in a number of ways to support very different accounts. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about the relationship between MMR and paradigms by analyzing two main claims discussed in the literature: (a) MMR is a new paradigm and (b) MMR mixes different…

Many ethical concerns in online big data research stem from a pervasive assumption that data are disembodied and place-less. While some scholars have begun addressing the ethical dilemmas of big data, few offer approaches or tools that fully grapple with the situatedness of online data and its ethical implications. We draw on feminist new…

This paper presents a model for developing research questions that are aligned to research aims for research design in e-learning. The model is proposed as a solution to the on-going problem of heterogeneity of research problems. The model is based on Burrell and Morgan's four social paradigms, and integrates four research aims, namely, explore,…

Text classification has allowed researchers to analyze natural language data at a previously impossible scale. However, a text classifier is only as valid as the the annotations on which it was trained. Further, the cost of training a classifier depends on annotators' ability to quickly and accurately apply the coding scheme to each text. Thus,…