Air pollution control authorities were forced to relax air quality standards during the winter of 1972 by granting variances. This paper examines the institutional characteristics of these variance policies from an economic incentive standpoint, sets up desirable structural criteria for institutional design and arrives at policy guidelines for…

Describes results of a study that used CV 100, a fuel additive for use in oil-fired heating systems, on a trial basis in 12 Ontario schools. The test showed an average 12 percent reduction in fuel costs in the schools using CV 100. (JG)

The recent trend in using wood for energy is examined with new developments for gaining greater efficiency from an old source. The threat of deforestation is acknowledged and discussed, particularly in relation to Appalachia. (KR)

Explores the possibility of installing offshore windmills to provide electricity and to save fuel for the United Kingdom. Favors their deployment in clusters to facilitate supervision and minimize cost. Discusses the power output and the cost involved and urges their quick development. (GA)

Explains the function of a central heating system and calculates the total heat energy required to heat a house. Estimates annual heat requirement and amount of fuel needed. Gives detailed calculation of heat required for a particular house as an example. (G A)

Surveys energy consumption in the United States and explores the possibility of increasing the amount of energy obtained from biomass conversion (biologically produced energy). Economic and environmental concerns of biomass conversion processes are discussed. (CP)

For more than a decade, the Chinese have been using biogas digesters to produce fuel for homes in rural areas. This article discusses the design, operation, and benefits of these digesters. This means of waste treatment helps improve sanitation, produce fertilizer, and save fossil fuels. (MA)

Summarizes the report prepared by the Ford Foundation's Energy Project with emphases upon three energy growth projects throughout the year 2,000, involving expanding rather than conserving energy supplies, creation of a "centralized governmental energy data bank" and establishing the philosophy of an "enough is best" approach…

Discusses the serious nature of the Energy Crisis'' and the dependence of the United States economy on imported hydrocarbons. Urges immediate action to alleviate the situation by increasing domestic production of oil, substituting coal for oil, and by conservation, especially in the use of automobile fuel. (JR)

Presents information to make intelligent purchasing decisions on heating, air conditioning, and ventilating equipment. (Author)

Estimates of energy demand in the future must be approached with caution; however, evidence strongly suggests that future energy demand is by no means predetermined and that low-demand futures are quite feasible both technically and economically. (Author/RE)

The Nigeria's oil industry has been criticized for some time now for its inability to render adequate services to the general public. This criticism is predicated on the fact that the standards of productivity in their services are low and that their facilities (i.e. the refineries) are not working up to capacity. This is evident in their…

Advantages of a heating system for a women's residence hall are discussed. The compact unit eliminated the need for a sizable prime water storage tank through the principle of indirect firing. Scalefree operation was maintained through three systems--(1) a combustion system, (2) a forced circulation heat-transfer system, and (3) a system for…

"Alabama Education News" is published monthly except for June, July, and December by the Alabama Department of Education. This publication, authorized by Section 16-2-4 of the "Code of Alabama," as recompiled in 1975, is a public service of the Alabama Department of Education designed to inform citizens and educators about…