Community is seen as a capacity for relatedness within individuals--relatedness not only to people but to events in history, to nature, to the world of ideas, and to things of the spirit. Objectivism, the dominant epistemology in higher education, is seen as anticommunal. (MLW)

Provides seven guidelines that can help teachers clear the obstacles which often keep classroom reading incentive programs from helping those students who need them most--the poor readers. (ARH)

Summary findings from a meta-analysis of 133 research studies of adults comparing the relative effectiveness of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts show that cooperation among adults promotes achievement, positive interpersonal relationships, social support, and self-esteem. (MLF)

While institutions and systems of higher education in different countries have much to learn from each others' experiences in this period of substantial educational change, each must also be careful to examine its own conditions, needs, and mission before adapting further to competitive pressures. (MSE)

Competitive orientations of 237 male and female undergraduates enrolled in competitive and noncompetitive physical activity classes were investigated using the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire and a Competitiveness Inventory. Females scored higher on work and goal orientation, while males scored higher on competitiveness. (KH)

This interview with the six members of the 1985 American team to the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) focuses on such areas as their evolving mathematical knowledge, mathematical pursuits, accomplishments, and interests. Also included are biographical sketches of the team members and the 1985 IMO problems (with solutions). (JN)

A competition for design of a master plan to alleviate disorder, clutter, and a lack of landmarks on the University of Miami's campus is described, and a sampling of the competition's winning entries ranging from pragmatic to fantastical are presented. (MSE)

Pre- and posttest scores of students of four introductory educational psychology classrooms were analyzed in order to find differences in achievement associated with a cooperative goal structure versus an individually competitive goal structure. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

Reports results from the International Chemistry Olympiad where a student from the United States won a gold medal for the first time. The Olympiad seeks to identify the best high school chemistry students in the world. (JM)

In rural refugee-affected areas, the better-off and more visible hosts usually gain from the presence of refugees and refugee programs. The poorer hosts, however, often lose from competition for food, work, wages, services and common property resources. (Author/GC)

This study concluded that judges' critical responses to interpretation performances reflect a view of interpretation as primarily a performing art rather than a communicative act or literature study. (PD)

An excerpt from "Corporate and Campus Cooperation: An Action Agenda" (a report from the Business-Higher Education Forum) explains some methods for strengthening the link between the business and education communities. (Author/MLW)

Examines benefits to individuals and society of cooperative--as opposed to competitive--interpersonal relationships. Discusses children's sports, games, and play as means to promote cooperation and reviews research showing positive effects of children's cooperative play. Provides standards for a cooperative philosophy that would promote positive…

Ninety managers interacted with low performing workers who demonstrated either insufficient ability or motivation. Results indicated that cooperative superiors expected mutual assistance, communicated supportively, and gave assistance. Superiors used threats and disliked low effort subordinates but wanted to work again with low ability…

The causes and consequences of the lag in productivity growth in the United States are examined. The productivity gap urgently requires careful attention by public policy. No trivial or costless remedies exist. (Author/RM)