Evaluated was the effectiveness of four treatment procedures in reducing self-injurious behaviors (handbiting and headstriking) of 22 nonverbal severely mentally retarded children, approximately 10 years old. Among results were that contingent restraint was more effective in reducing behavior below baseline levels than positive reinforcement,…

Group contingencies with different criteria resulted in high performance averages for 12 elementary-aged learning disabled students. Two of the group contingencies produced significantly more frequent positive social interaction among subjects than that observed during baseline. (CL)

Four profoundly mentally retarded middle-aged female residents in a state institution Behavior Problems Program were trained through the use of an interdependent group-oriented contingency procedure to sit and later to work on prevocational tasks. (Author)

When the effectiveness of free time and daily report card systems on assignment completion and accuracy of four junior high school special education students were compared, results indicated that both procedures improved students' performance. (Author)

Examined reduction of noise levels in an elementary school lunchroom as a function of feedback. Results indicate that feedback plus reinforcement was effective in reducing noise levels. Feedback only was also effective, but to a lesser degree. No relationship existed between noise level and other behaviors. (Author/BEF)

Wheelchair mobility training (contingent upon inappropriate stereotypic behavior) combined with social praise (contingent upon toy-play behavior) effectively reduced the inappropriate behavior of three nonambulatory, profoundly retarded Ss (14 and 15 years old) to near zero level. (Author)

Ten elementary school children in four grades were participants in an interdependent group-contingency system in which the group's weekly average grade on written assignments (later the daily average) was used to control the amount of extra recess time that would be awarded to all members of the group. (CTM)

An operant-conditioning technique was used to teach three handicapped children (three to five years old) exhibiting echolalia to respond appropriately to a series of questions. (Author)

Social feedback was investigated as a treatment strategy for reducing inappropriate verbalizations by a retarded adult in a vocational-training program. Treatment procedures were introduced as a combination of three components: praise for not verbalizing inappropriately, reprimands, and instruction. (Author)

Instructor-made quizzes, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and Miskimins' Self-Goal-Other Discrepancy Scale were used to measure achievement and self-concept in this study of contract procedures and contract management. Students in the negotiated contract and teacher-managed conditions obtained significantly higher final grades than those in other…

When managed effectively, conflict can lead to goal satisfaction, more creative solutions, and enhanced commitment to relationships. Approaches to conflict management are discussed and categorized. Similarities and contributions of widely used models are presented. Models that convert conflicts into problems to which problem-solving techniques can…

A comprehensive validation study involving 50 regular primary classes was conducted of the Program for Academic Survival Skills (PASS), a consultant based, teacher mediated program for student classroom behavior. (Author)

The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (which only affects males) is a heritable disorder of the metabolism of uric acid in which behavioral manifestations are prominent and among the most provocative. (Author/SBH)

This study assessed the efficacy of using obsessions as reinforcers contingent upon nonoccurrence of inappropriate behaviors in four children (ages five and six) with autism. The most effective treatment was providing the obsession plus mild reductive procedures (such as time out). Use of obsessions alone and use of food reinforcers with mild…

A time-out from speaking contingency was evaluated in the treatment of stuttering in three school-age children. A red light time-out signal appeared for five seconds when the child stuttered. Two of the children responded to time-out with clear reductions in stuttering. Listeners did not detect any differences between the perceptually stutter-free…