The effects of 2 different types of positive and negative instances in learning "non-dimensioned" concepts were investigated. "Non-dimensioned" concepts are defined only by the presence or absence of distinct attributes. One-hundred-seventy-one 8th graders were given series of all positive or alternating positive and negative instances. Series of…

Contributions of rule, attribute, and complete learning to solution of low (conjunctive) and high (conditional) level concept attainment problems were assessed in 2 experiments. Direct learning and transfer of models was compared with vicarious learning and transfer of observers. Subjects in the latter condition observed yoked models solve the…

Eighty-two 5 to 8 year old children (I.Q. range 79-120) exhibiting learning disabilities were divided equally into three groups on the basis of their Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Verbal I.Q. (VIQ) and Performance I.Q. (PIQ) scores: a high performance-low verbal group, a verbal equal to performance group, and a high verbal-low…

This study was planned to replicate and extend at a fifth grade level an earlier study by Brophy and Good at the first grade level. One purpose was to test the hypothesis that classes taught by teachers who showed evidence of expectation effects would show polarization over time, with differences between high and low expectation students gradually…

At a time when many agencies are suffering a cutback in funds, and money for new and innovative programs is limited, the use of more paraprofessionals in the helping professions can be very important. Professionals and administrators involved in program planning should carefully assess the contribution of paraprofessionals to the program. By using…

Undergraduates could earn a $10 bonus by performing above average on a free-recall task. Following a pretest, success messages were manipulated. During a subsequent test, subjects could cheat. Cheating was related to anticipated success in a curvilinear fashion with medium success yielding the most cheating. Cheating and expectations are…

High- and low-risk testing on six- and seven-year-old children and on mother's and child's aspirations for future performance revealed that for first-born children performance and aspirations (both of mother and child) were higher than those of second-born children in low-risk activities. The opposite was found true in high-risk activities. (MJB)

A biomechanical analysis of the breaststroke is presented, applying hydrodynamic research to develop an understanding of propulsive forces acting to overcome resistance, and to intorduce modifications in stroke mechanics which would develop a more efficient psychomotor pattern. The applicability of the research to all swimming strokes is noted.…

Examines conversations with five children of primary school age, in order to illustrate the importance and difficulties of conversation. (AA)

In a study involving the reading of bar graphs it was found that students in the control group (who did not receive generalization cues) did significantly better than those in the experimental group. (Ed.)

Available from: C. Elton Hinshaw, Secretary, 1313 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212. (JG)

Tested college students for conformity when conditions contributing to conformity were absent. Found that social pressures (responding in public, being surveyed by fellow group members) are necessary to produce conformity. (RL)

Discusses performance analysis, designed for use in an organization's training program. It is described as a technology which views organization performance as a function of the individual and the job environment, in which any modification of performance has to deal with both parts. Examples of the use and benefits of performance analysis are…

A study involving 14 stutterers (mean age 20.7 years) was conducted to determine the effect of sentence length on the frequency of stuttering. (Author/SBH)