Investigated effects of ascendancy and perceived locus of control on reactions to participative and manipulative leadership among college males, using Guilford-Zimmerman ascendancy scores and Rotter Internal-External scale scores. Results indicated that the two personality measures were associated with different reactions to the two styles of…

A study of 42 successful principals with diverse approaches reveals that success depends on connecting routine activities to an overarching vision of school aims. A heuristic model facilitates visualizing the principal's role, operational context, and goals. (TE)

Discusses the changing role of Chicano educators in educational leadership and examines three different models of educational leadership that have been or can be used by Chicanos. Available from the Consortium for Educational Leadership, 5801 South Kenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. (JG)

A Deputy Headteacher Role Definition Instrument was employed to discover the conceptions of primary school heads and deputy heads in regard to the allocation of certain school leadership functions: instrumental leadership, expressive leadership, and administration. (Author)

This is one of the most important books on school leadership because it incorporates so much research evidence from the work of the two authors themselves, and such a perceptive and intelligent understanding of the research of others. It provides an opportunity for two of the senior researchers in the field over the last 20 years to reflect on…

Leadership is situational and cannot be predicted or necessarily taught. This book is the distillation of ideas and practices derived from interviews with some of education's top leaders. Chapter 1, "Forming Beliefs," makes the point that teachers and administrators must carefully learn about excellence and then find the elements of excellence…

This report describes some of the new demands on school leaders and identifies what schools, districts, states, and the federal government can do to strengthen the ability of principals and other educators to become instructional leaders. It begins by offering different definitions of instructional leadership and describing standards that provide…

The dominant leadership style is defined by the situation and the kind of organizational environment and climate. This, however, does not sufficiently define the leadership qualities in school organizations. There are other factors which also determine the dominant leadership style, which are the traits and style, teachers commitments, pass out…

Feminist perspectives provide a basis for examining the nature of participation in outdoor experiences, the goals of outdoor leadership, and the meanings associated with the outdoors. Feminism is concerned with the correction of both the invisibility and distortion of female experience in ways relevant to social change and removal of social…

Organizations are self-organizing living systems and therefore capable of doing for themselves much of what managers have always tried to do for them. The role of the leader in organizations should be one of helping the organization develop a clear sense of its own identity, since that is the reference point around which self-organizing takes…

The Canadian Ministry of Education with support from school boards and teachers' federations, had hoped to see 50% of all positions of responsibility in school be undertaken by women before the year 2000. This paper discusses the meanings that three exemplary women principals gave to leadership and the ways in which they enacted leadership in…

While numerous feminist scholars have written about "silence," few have focused on the silence of women in powerful masculinized positions such as the superintendency. The purpose of the paper is to expose the silencing, the disallowing of voice in actual practice, or the "unnatural silence" (Olsen 1978) of women superintendents through a…

For over a decade, numerous educators have espoused the need for increased participation in decision making. Yet, evidence shows that mechanisms intended to broaden access actually result in governance that is little different from traditional, more autocratic management methods. To better understand this phenomenon, an examination of the…

A growing body of literature has found that between women and men as leaders there are important differences in leadership styles, qualities, and priorities. Yet there are few studies that empirically examine the gender differences from a subordinate perspective, particularly in higher education. It is important to identify those factors that best…

In two articles on outdoor programming models, Watters distinguished four models on a continuum ranging from the common adventure model, with minimal organizational structure and leadership control, to the guide service model, in which leaders are autocratic and trips are highly structured. Club programs and instructional programs were in between,…