As demand for new knowledge grows, universities are under increasing stress with increasing research limitations; unstable financial support, contracting for specific research rather than open-ended funding, and problems of staffing projects. Problems in developing and implementing research policy under these circumstances are discussed. (MSE)

Answers Sowell's charge that his work was misrepresented in an earlier article by Darity. Discusses Sowell's position on the relationship between culture and economic accomplishment, equality in the labor market, and the role of competition in the economic marketplace.(GC)

A comparison of premedical students' course choices with those of other science and liberal arts students confirmed that premedical students' preparation for medical school is not broad-based, and course selection is apparently based on competition for medical school admission. (MSE)

Describes global socioeconomic trends from the viewpoint of globology, defined as the new science of global dynamics. Comparisons are made between globology, utilitarian economics, and the Marxian analysis of world problems. The implications of long-term global cycles in colonialism, interstate competition, war, single-state hegemony, and…

Fifteen female varsity softball coaches were administered the Sport Competition Anxiety Test prior to competition. Their heart rates, continuously monitored by tilemetry, did not relate significantly to the anxiety test data. The test does not appear to be a valid measure of trait anxiety for women softball coaches. (Author/PN)

Analyzes a type of conversational exchange where the participants focus on a given subject or theme contributing personal views to the discussion. Characterizes the relationship among the participants as a "cooperative conflict," examining the internal structure of speech acts and their illocutory functions, particularly the initiatory…

A model for a community youth football program that includes disabled youth identifies five divisions of restriction based on: the amount of physical contact; level of activity strenuousness; emphasis on competition and winning; and special accommodations required. Handicapped youth football programs emphasize skill development and provide…

Describes job competition between professional musicians and students which led to the formation of "The Music Code of Ethics." The code, a pact between the Music Educators National Conference, the American Federation of Musicians, and the American Association of School Administrators, defines the jurisdictions of professional musicians…

Psychotherapy typically is conceptualized as a social reinforcement process. Others suggest interview behavior is predicted better by a competitive model of social interaction. Results of this study indicated that message frequency requests were equal in the competitive and reinforcing conditions, both of which induced more requests than a mixed…

The growth of physical education as a discipline is shown in historical perspective through a look at the 1934 Atlantic City convention and related events through the end of 1939. Special attention is given to the most notable participants and contributors from the Eastern District. (JN)

In 1980, imaginative and innovative approaches to reducing the impact of the energy problem gained 12 colleges and universities certificates of achievement issued by the Academy for Educational Development and awards of $10,000 each from the Atlantic Richfield Foundation. Brief descriptions of the award-winning ideas are given. (Author/MLW)

Effects of cooperative, individualistic, and laissez-faire goal structures were compared on interpersonal interaction between nonhandicapped junior high school students and high trainable mentally retarded peers. More positive interactions took place between the nonhandicapped and handicapped students in the cooperative condition than in the other…

The effectiveness of competition as a motivational tool for enhancing classroom performance appears to be mediated by individual differences in cognitive style. (JD)

The violence in other areas of American culture and society is reflected in American sport and business through economic and media exploitation of violence and the omnipresent pressure to be best. (JN)

Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures were compared on the dimensions of interpersonal interaction and attraction with 18 nonhandicapped and 12 Down's syndrome junior high school students who participated in eight weekly sessions of recreational bowling. (Author)