Instructional leadership literature presents two contrasting themes: (1) the school as a loosely coupled system allowing teachers considerable instructional autonomy; and (2) the school as a culture where the effective principal uses symbolic leadership to unite the staff in a common effort to achieve the school's mission. If both themes are…

As teacher educators have worked to encourage teachers to become more reflective, they have noted the important role school context plays in supporting or constraining reflection in action. This study describes one kindergarten teacher's experiences in two contrasting school contexts. The study documents the characteristics of leadership style and…

This study, part of a larger research effort, focuses attention on the relationship between school context and the process of learning to teach reflectively. It is noted that it requires leadership within the schools to nurture reflection and to encourage the development of more sophisticated forms of reflection as teachers acquire knowledge.…

Principals exhibiting different kinds of administrative behavior tend to be influenced by different kinds of factors, according to the results of two sets of related studies reported in this document. The first set, consisting of three studies of principals and central administrators, explored the factors shaping principals' behaviors when the…

Although the idea of androgynous leadership has been discussed frequently in the management literature, little empirical evidence has been accumulated to support a conceptual integration. Results of preliminary research support the hypothesis that sex-role orientation is a better predictor of leadership behavior than is biological sex. This study…

This paper contends that women are underrepresented in leadership positions and that women have been socialized not to take risks, not to be assertive, and not to be overtly influential in their personal world. A training program is described which attempts to counteract this socialization for undergraduate women. The six components of the program…

This paper describes a computer scoring program, written in Commodore BASIC, that offers an efficient approach to the scoring of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). The LSS measures: (1) the preferences of athletes for specific leader behaviors from the coach; (2) the perception of athletes regarding the actual leader behavior of their coach;…

This manual is an introduction to community organizing for those who wish to work for the prevention of alcohol, drug, youth, mental health or other social problems. The materials show how to analyze a community and decide what problems need to be corrected, and then how to set goals and choose the best method of change. The manual also gives…

Partial results are reported from a longitudinal study that investigated role learning among teachers seeking and obtaining principalships or assistant principalships. Data were obtained from indepth interviews with 14 administrative candidates. A brief theoretical discussion classifies new administrators' job behavior according to three responses…

An undergraduate honors course on the Nobel Peace Prize winners at the University of Maryland focuses on styles of leadership and includes three main areas of attention: (1) the inner journey, or heart of the peacemaker, (2) leadership exercised through organizations and movements, and (3) the rhetoric of the leader. The course was divided into a…

Portions of three earlier studies relating differences in employees to employee satisfaction and one study relating management communication style (MCS) to employee satisfaction were replicated across four organizational contexts. Major findings supported the generalizability of the results revealed in the earlier research. The role of…

A study investigated the degree of association between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of the supervisor's leadership style, use of power, and conflict management style. Subjects were 87 supervisors and 432 subordinates from five service-oriented, publicly supported organizations. The supervisors completed measures of leadership style, use…

To examine tactical self-presentations (images persons display publicly) in task-oriented leadership situations, 128 subjects (56 male and 72 female) were assigned leadership positions in groups that did very well or very poorly. The leaders learned that either they or the group-at-large were responsible for the performance and that the other…

THE T-GROUP IS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT MEMBERS IN REEDUCATING THEMSELVES TOWARD IMPROVED SKILL IN HUMAN RELATIONS. MEMBERS ARE ASKED TO DEVELOP THEIR GROUP TOWARD CONSENSUS WHICH WILL SUPPORT THE PERSONAL GROWTH AND LEARNING OF EACH MEMBER, AND THEN, THROUGH ANALYSIS, EVALUATE HUMAN EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN THIS PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT. THE TRAINER DENIES…