This study compares the differences in causal attributions of a person experiencing success or failure in an achievement situation (the actor) and someone who read about the situation (the observer). The subjects were given sets of anagrams which varied in difficulty. The results of both studies showed that actors were relatively more likely to…

In a variable distance 10-trial ringtoss, it was found that success required that a subject exceed his expected score. Therefore, the probability of success was the probability of exceeding the expected score on the 10 throws (Ps10); and this is shown to be different from the probability of scoring a ringer in a single throw (Ps1) from the same…

The analysis of previously obtained data concerning short-term visual memory and cognition by a method suggested by Tucker is proposed. Although interesting individual differences undoubtedly exist in people's ability and capacity to process short-term visual information, studies have not generally examined these differences. In fact, conventional…

The major focus of this study is on the relationship between anxiety and achievement. It was predicted that with young children, anxiety is likely to have a debilitating effect on their standardized test scores as well as on teachers' ratings of their competence. This hypothesis is generally supported. The sample consists of 156 childen from…

A previous version of expectation theory assumed that the likelihood that evaluations will be accepted and used to assign performance expectations for group members depends upon the perceived ability level of the evaluator. An extension of the theory asserts that, in the absence of knowledge of the evaluator's ability, acceptance of his…

This study compared the effects of four experimental treatments on levels of expectancy or aspiration of 80 disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged boys and girls. Levels of expectancy were more discrepant from previous performance in conditions perceived as chance regulated, and in those outcomes actually controlled by chance. More unusual shifts in…

This report sets forth the results of a study to develop a plan to reduce the technical and human problems of administrator salary administration, and to strengthen the ability of a school district to acquire leadership consistent with its purposes. Major targets of the study were: (1) development of position responsibility descriptions for all…

Over a four year period, the Continuation Education System Development Project will develop a practical instructional system capable of continuous identification and efficient response to the critical instructional needs of individual continuation high school students, or those who drop out or are pushed out, in La Puente, California. The first…

Forty-seven subjects were administered the Dogmatism Scale (D), and Embedded-Figures Test (EFT), and were randomly assigned to a programmed Russian vocabulary lesson with or without strong prompts after a median split stratification of EFT and D. A multiple regress analysis tested the influence of field independence and dogmatism, and their…

This report is an attempt to add to the existing information about cannabis use, its correlates, and its effects. The sample population consisted of self-admitted abusers of various drugs, identified shortly after entering the Air Force. The subjects (N=4688) were located through the Drug Control Office at Lackland Air Force Base. Variables…

Studied were eye coordination and effects of fatigue on vision in the visual and academic functioning of 1049 students in grades 1 through 10. An earlier study (1966) examined the eye coordination of 1152 students in grades 1 through 12. The common Snellen Test of Visual Acuity failed to indicate 42% of students who were diagnosed by other tests…

The results of several research studies designed to evaluate different theories of work motivation are presented. Graen (1967), through hiring 169 high school girls to do a clerical task, showed that ability measures can account for far more performance variance than motivation variables such as expectancy and instrumentality. Similar results were…

A review of the literature indicates that measures of the McClelland-Atkinson need-Achievement (nAch) construct are weak in terms of both reliability and validity. The most serious weakness of the model's validity is the lack of evidence for the hypothesized positive relationship between nAch and performance. In addition, the inverse relationship…

The twofold research task of this investigation was (1) a systematic evaluation of professional orientation of Colorado newsmen; and (2) a determination of the relationship (if any) between the professional orientation of the newsmen studied and the actual performance of these newsmen's newspapers. The population for the study included all the…

Answer to how long it takes to get a junior college (2-year) degree; the percentage of the total enrollment who drop out without completing one hour for credit; the average number of hours taken, or completed, by a student; and the percentage of students expected to complete one quarter successfully provided the central themes for this study. The…