Leadership may come from many different sources in a school. This paper examines the relative effects of leadership provided by principals, teachers, and those in other roles. A study based on surveys of 2,727 teachers and 9,025 students in 110 elementary and secondary schools (Ontario, Canada) analyzed the effects of "total leadership," including…

Following a change of presidents at Independence Community College (ICC), in Kansas, a new mission statement was collaboratively developed by the college community identifying ICC as a comprehensive community-based educational organization committed to improving the quality of life for its citizens. Administrative traits or characteristics…

The effects of principal and teacher gender on high school teachers' evaluations of principal leadership and perceptions of their own power at personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels are explored in this report. Two research issues are addressed: (1) the extent to which teachers' evaluations of school leadership depend on the gender of…

This case study identifies the leadership styles of an experienced principal in his first year at a new position within a rural school cooperative. "Fred" is a 33-year-old male who was hired by the school system to bring in current instructional methods and management techniques, encourage student involvement, and strengthen the academic program.…

The effects of large-scale improvement projects and the trend toward decentralization on the principal's role in primary and secondary schools in Belgium are explored in this paper. Particular focuses are on the ways in which sociopolitical change influences the nature of school-level leadership and on strategies that principals use in response to…

Differences between male and female teachers' perceptions of male and female principals, with a focus on principals' motivation and social control communication styles, are explored in this report. Social control communication was categorized into two factors--motivation and orientation. As a replication of a study conducted in Washington State,…

This report is drawn from an ethnographic study still in progress of the principalship of a comprehensive public senior high school in a suburban community. Following a discussion of the paucity of research offering good descriptions of what principals actually do as opposed to what they should do, the study methodology is outlined, including…

Increasing demands for educational accountability make it important for principals to know how and when to successfully use methods of supervision with teachers to attain the mutual goal of instructional improvement. To determine whether significant differences existed between junior high school teachers' perceptions of principals' supervisory…

Quality circles have proliferated in organizations throughout the 1980s, but their success depends on careful planning and monitoring, and on an awareness of social psychology and group dynamics. This presentation accordingly evaluates some of the assumptions of the literature on quality circles and suggests ways in which social psychology…

There is growing recognition that elementary, junior, and senior high schools are different organizations with different school cultures and different leadership needs. School-level differences in principal leadership behavior, student and teacher perceptions of the school culture, and student and teacher commitment were assessed using data from…

The effects of the school psychological environment on student motivation and the indirect effects of school leadership on student motivation are examined in this report. Path analysis of a comprehensive data set of over 16,000 fourth-, sixth-, eighth-, and tenth-grade students from 880 public schools was used to develop a causal model based on a…

This study examines the effects of principal leadership styles on the development of the working styles of seven local school councils in Memphis (Tennessee) during their first 15 months of operation. The successful implementation of a school-based decision making (SBDM) management model depends upon the ability of the local school council to…

An argument is presented that "leadership metanoia," (i.e., a fundamental shift of mind in relation to leadership) has recently taken hold in many parts of the country, with implications for leadership development at Lorain Community College (LCC) in Ohio. The first section of the paper reviews the work of the six behavioral scientists who exerted…

Two different operational concepts of "vision" are compared and analyzed in terms of their applicability to educational organization. The military model is vertical, hierarchical, conducive to immediate and specific action, and unambiguous responsibility. However, its inflexibility discourages communication and creativity. The Native American,…

The generation of categories of instructional leadership descriptors and the identification of past influences and current resources is the purpose of this study. Data for the first research purpose were gathered through application of Flannigan's (1954) critical incident and functional description techniques to responses of experts on…