Investigated digit repetition performance in learning-disabled children in an effort to assess its clinical and theoretical significance. Clincally, learning-disabled children (N=100) had a higher than expected incidence of large verbal-performance discrepancies, although mean overall digit repetition performance did not differ appreciably from…

Cites the failings of the National Institute of Education (NIE) and the reasons behind them, discusses the proper federal role in supporting educational research, and suggests developing alternative methods for providing leadership and funding so that the NIE can be abandoned. (PGD)

To test the hypothesis that women exhibit an externality bias in their performance attribution, male and female college students made effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty attributions for their performance on a recent course examination. Findings suggested an internality bias among men, rather than an externality bias among women. (Author/GC)

The degree to which response complexity affects the ability of moderately mentally retarded adults to perform on a coincident timing task was examined in two experiments. Analyses of both constant and variable error scores suggested that an optimal exposure distance for the task existed. (Author)

Three groups of older adults were compared on a free recall task with categorizable lists. Data showed that older adults' memory performance is modifiable and that efficient performance is obtained when instructional training is aimed at the processes that are crucial to task performance. (Author)

Preschool children divided into three age groups were trained in a stimulus-specific and response-specific seriation-of-length behavior in a typical observational learning paradigm. In three treatment conditions information given to subjects was varied; the fourth served as control. Assessment attempted to determine whether rule learning would be…

Describes a study that found that undergraduate grade-point average and number of semester hours completed in psychology do influence student performance on the psychology test of the Graduate Record Examination. However, this and previous studies have not revealed academic factors to be the strongest influence. More research is needed. (RM)

Reviews a collection of essays and articles primarily by German psychologists on the subject of social cognition. Of particular interest is the introductory exposition of "Handlungstheorie" (action theory), an orientation stressing goal-directed action and its intended or unintended consequences as central categories of psychological…

The effect of free- versus no-talk conditions between target and peer subjects under vicarious reward conditions was examined. Data collected from fourth graders on an alphabet reproduction task showed that vicarious reinforcement effects occurred when verbal communication of reward enjoyment to nonreward subjects was possible. (Author/BW)

Married couples competed on a test of mental flexibility. Husbands and wives were randomly determined as winners and losers in competition. Spouses reacted as strongly to competition with each other as they did to competition with a stranger. Females were more affected by competitive outcome, particularly intramarital competition. (Author)

Two competing theories of social facilitation, one stressing audience presence and the other stressing the threat of evaluation, were tested to determine their efficacy in predicting oral reading performance of 24 academically handicapped children (9- to 12-year-olds). (Author)

A comparison of the performance of 10 employees using the current version of a Corporate Time Reporting Instruction and a revision prepared using Information Mapping (IM) indicates that subjects committed 54 percent fewer errors when using the IM version. Samples of both versions and evaluation forms used are included. (MER)

Indices of red blood cell status were assessed in eight high school females cross country runners six times and compared to three assessments made of 11 high school females who were not runners. (CJ)

A study of college women's achievement behavior provides partial evidence that objective fear-of-success scales tap actual avoidance tendencies characteristic of traditionally feminine women, while the Thematic Apperception Test reflects, at most, ambivalence over success which may be equally characteristic of high achieving, nontraditional, and…

Reviews research on the design and use of languages for computer programing, information retrieval, and user interaction with computers, and suggests designing interface programs to help users at all proficiency levels, since no single computer language can meet all information retrieval tasks for everyone. Twenty sources are listed. (RBF)