The purpose of the current study is to describe the development and validation of a new measure of temperament, the Preschool Temperament Classification System (PTCS). The PTCS was developed as a typological measure that identifies children's temperament styles as undercontrolled, resilient, or overcontrolled. The PTCS is a time efficient…

Consider test data, a specified set of dichotomous skills measured by the test, and an IRT cognitive diagnosis model (ICDM). Statistical estimation of the data set using the ICDM can provide examinee estimates of mastery for these skills, referred to generally as attributes. With such detailed information about each examinee, future instruction…

This study examined irrelevant/incorrect answers produced by children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism (7-9-year-olds and 10-12-year-olds) and normally developing children (7-9-year-olds). The errors produced were divided into three types: in Type 1, the child answered the original question incorrectly, in Type 2, the child gave a…

This article traces the roots of narrative research in the social sciences and education, then centers on "story constellations," a version of narrative inquiry that uncovers teachers' knowledge of school reform in context. A fluid form of investigation that unfolds in a three-dimensional inquiry space, story constellations consists of a flexible…

It has been suggested that the differences observed for dyslexic readers compared to normal readers on tasks measuring visual sensitivity may simply be the result of differences between the two groups in general cognitive ability and/or attentional engagement. One common way to accommodate this proposal is to match normal and dyslexic readers on…

The present experiments were designed to assess the hypothesis that arousal (indexed by measures of extraversion and neuroticism) focuses memory on physical cues while adversely affecting memory for semantic cues. (Author)

Although the accuracy of the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly depends on the appropriateness of the norms for the neuropsychological tests used, the importance of examining health status, native intelligence, and gender when attempting to describe cognitive changes of aging has received little attention. The Rey Auditory Verbal…

To provide documentation for the argument that Mexican-American (or Chicano) children in the United States tend to have a cognitive style differing from that of their Anglo-American classmates, the relevant literature is selectively reviewed. The review is organized in three sections, focusing respectively on the definition of cognitive styles,…

The acquisition of information from pictures and the relationship between canonical orientation and the function of objects were studied. Twenty introductory educational psychology students experienced a set of five common objects, three different functional uses, and four possible orientations for each object. The results analyzed for one…

Some of the results of the first-round testing in science of the National Assessment of Educational Progress are mentioned. (DT) Aspect of National Assessment (NAEP) dealt with in this document: Results (Overview).

Study supported by grants from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (42), the National Institute of Health Service (HD-01456-02), the Defense Research Board of Canada (9401-24), and the National Research Council of Canada (APA-94).

The inclusion of an ethnographic approach within the basic framework of a quantitative one is outlined in an attempt to combine their methodologies. Examples from an ethnographic case study of kindergarten aged children in Utuado, Puerto Rico are used to illustrate the issues being discussed, especially research design. The Puerto Rican study…

The importance of validity and reliability in the componential analysis of human intelligence is discussed. The roles of construct, internal, external, convergent, discriminant, and ecological validity in componential analysis are outlined. Within-replication (internal-consistency) and between-replication (alternate-forms or test-retest)…

The relationship between transformation problem performance and Guilford Structure of Intellect (SI) abilities is explored. During two group sessions 42 females and 35 males, age 18-39, were administered 12 Guilford SI tests exemplifying all five symbolic content (numeric) operations, and three contents in the divergent production area. Logical…