Several models of working memory (WM) have been proposed in the literature. Most of the research on the architecture of WM is based on adults or older children, but less is known about younger children. In this study, we tested various models of WM on a sample of 739 Italian children, ranging in age from 3 to 8 years, primarily of European…

Adaptive functioning of autistic children is traditionally measured through informant-report, often from parents. Behaviour varies across settings though, and context-specific reports should be considered. Limited and inconsistent results show low parent-education professional concordance, but no research has yet explored item level response…

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display variable verbal cognitive profiles despite a historical requirement for a language delay in autistic disorder. This study compared the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) to the newly created ancillary index score, the Verbal Expanded Crystallized Index (VECI) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for…

Background: The importance of spatial abilities for individuals' success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains has been well established. Researchers have also emphasized the need to train engineering students in spatial ability. Although virtual reality (VR) offers prospects for training spatial abilities, research…

In an era of information explosion, improving information literacy for academical innovation is essential for postgraduate students. However, the majority of these students lack information literacy knowledge, and even a few lack access to related courses. To improve the ratio and level of the information literacy of postgraduate students, we…

Spatial skills can predict mathematics performance, with many researchers investigating how and why these skills are related. However, a literature review on spatial ability revealed a multiplicity of spatial taxonomies and analytical frameworks that lack convergence, presenting a confusing terrain for researchers to navigate. We expose two…

This research aims to determine the effect of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning on students' mathematical numeracy abilities. The research method uses descriptive quantitative research by only looking at the values displayed based on descriptive statistics, involving 40 participants during 8 meetings and using 10…

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance performances of young adults with unilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in a dual-task condition. Method: Fifteen young adults with unilateral CIs and 15 healthy individuals were included in the study. The balance task was applied using the Sensory Organization Test via Computerized…

The boundary effect, namely the infants' failures to compare small and large numerosities, is well documented in studies using visual stimuli. The prevailing explanation is that the numerical system used to process sets up to 3 is incompatible with the system employed for numbers >3. This study investigates the boundary effect in 10-month-old…

Self-explanation serves as a constructive learning scaffold in education, actively engaging learners in the identification of knowledge gaps and the rectification of erroneous mental models. This study aimed to examine the effects of self-explanation on students' academic performance in digital learning environments and to test the possible…

Purpose: Sign language, like spoken language, incorporates phonological and articulatory (or motor) processing components. Thus, the learning of novel signs, like novel spoken word forms, may be problematic for children with developmental language disorder (DLD). In the present work, we hypothesize that phonological and articulatory deficits in…

Students of diverse abilities tend to be divided into groups that advocate academic homogeneity. Ability grouping practice is embedded within the contemporary hyper-accountability culture in education that has shifted the focus of the teaching community from promoting academic attainment in pupils to being highly ranked in the market-based…

Little is known about the cognitive effort associated with algebraic activity in the elementary and middle school grades. However, this investigation is significant for sensitizing teachers and researchers to the mental demands of algebra learning. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between algebraic thinking and domain-general cognitive…

This research aimed to examine the views of preservice mathematics teachers (PMTs) on mathematically giftedness. Case study, one of the qualitative research design, was used and the study involved 25 sophomore mathematics teaching undergraduate students from Turkey. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview form with open-ended…

We report the validity of a test instrument that assesses the arithmetic ability of primary students by (a) describing the theoretical model of arithmetic ability assessment using Wilson's (2004) four building blocks of constructing measures and (b) providing empirical evidence for the validation study. The instrument consists of 21…