An analysis of principal-teacher social control communication dynamics is offered in this report, with a focus on the effects of gender on such communication processes. Surveys were administered to 319 K-12 teachers in 19 Washington State schools and to 19 principals. Onsite interviews were also conducted with five principals. Findings from the…

Evidence suggests that the changes which have taken place in the educational background of the work force may have important implications for how organizations should be managed and for their effectiveness. More formal education may cause people to have different expectations and preferences with respect to work. This may lead to more upward job…

A principal is often judged on his ability to resolve problems at the school level without appealing to superintendents and board members. Techniques for accomplishing this task include (1) clear and specific position descriptions for employees, (2) printed handbooks for employees and students, (3) fairness and consistency, (4) positive and…

African nations are still structurally and culturally dependent on their former metropoles. This dependence has challenged and variegated the endogenous creative efforts of the African leadership. A typology of eight leadership styles found in Africa attests to this variegation and diversity of endogenicity. Overall, a confused picture was painted…

The "Leadership Continuum" model developed in 1961 by R. Tannenbaum, I. Weschler, and F. Massarik clearly illustrates the ideas that management scholars like Frederick Taylor, V. A. Graicunas, James Worthy, Rensis Likert, and Frederick Thayer have posited concerning span of control and organizational structure. Each of these scholars…

The relationship between the leadership of African-American principals and African-American student academic achievement in more successful African-American elementary schools in California is examined within the 11 chapters of this book. The study attempted to determine how the African-American principals (who had been in their positions at least…

Interviews were conducted with teachers who chaired the steering committees for 3 of the 25 National Education Association Mastery in Learning (MIL) Project schools with the purpose of eliciting their viewpoints on teacher empowerment and leadership. The schools (Orchards Elementary School in Lewiston, Idaho; Willow Creek Junior High in Rochester,…

The concept of teacher empowerment is generally viewed in terms of recognizing and respecting teachers as equal partners in making educational decisions. A survey instrument was developed to assess teachers' perceptions of principals' and supervisors' demonstrated behaviors toward pedagogical efficacy attainments. Three efficacy measures were…

A study examined the management style of non-Fortune 500 business leaders and its relationship to their organizations' environment in order to provide a profile of a cross-section of these leaders. The presidents or CEOs of 65 randomly selected Indiana companies with annual sales of at least $5 million were surveyed about situational leadership…

Students seeking certification in supervision and those seeking certification in educational administration were compared in order to examine differences in leadership styles. One hundred forty-nine educational administration students and 121 supervision students participated in the study at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Four…

The female higher education administrator was chosen as the subject of study because of the lack of data on women administrators' views of their own leadership behavior and their history of low status. Recent literature on leadership and gender has supported the concept that an effective leader cannot be defined by gender or gender-related traits.…

The American college presidency is examined, with attention to characteristics of those who become college presidents, how long they serve and where they go after leaving the presidency, and internal/external factors affecting their performance. The analysis is based in part on 800 interviews with presidents, their spouses, and other close…

Tutors' perceptions of their supervisor/leader in the Academic Skills/Learning Resources Center at Bowie State College were surveyed. Twenty tutors employed by the center through the Special Services for Disadvantaged Students project were administered the Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description questionnaire developed by Hersey and…

It is a responsiblilty of the educational leaders to develop a climate that encourages creativity. This promotion of creativity may be instrumental in finding answers to some of the most glaring problems in education, and yet the subject of creative leadership has received little attention. A review of the literature reveals some basic assumptions…

This book explores the lives of people who have shaped the laws and legal system of the United States and describes their impact on the U.S. Constitution. The new government's beginnings are examined in unit 1, through the pitfalls and triumphs of the First Continental Congress. The role of John Marshall, the First Chief Justice of the Supreme…