International economics is a major influence on society today and a major consideration behind the calls for educational reform. Japan has been establishing a new, higher set of educational standards for the world. (MLW)

Suggests alternatives in solving the dilemma of the win/lose syndrome for young children participating in sports, games, and other competitive educational activities. Rather than reinforcing the "negative" aspects of competition ("winning is all," lack of participation, elimination), teachers should provide environments that help children to…

This article examines the values and typifications that underlie the conservative center of society; whether they are still viable in view of our ecological situation, and how they are reinforced in curriculum materials. (MM)

Considering the nature of education, the author holds that the fundamental function of education is to serve the customers, with relation to the internationalization of higher education in China. This paper illustrates the inevitability of development and the relative differences, by the discussion of benefit or non-benefit orientation of China's…

Charles Tiebout's Pure Theory of Local Expenditures serves as a helpful framework in examining the emergence of the learning society, communications technologies, freer trade, and the effects these will have on the educational infrastructure. Tiebout argued that the failure of market-type systems of public good at the central government level does…

This guide presents Cooperation/Competition (C/C) as the next stage in the evolution of cooperative learning, with its unique ability to mobilize the powerful forces of intergroup and individual competition to supplement cooperative learning's teamwork. In C/C, teachers group students into homogeneous or heterogeneous learning teams, with teams…

Results show that the retarded group was significantly more cooperative than the nonretarded group, and the 6-7 year retarded group was more cooperative than the 11-12-year retarded group. (Authors/CB)

Guidelines for competitive physical education and recreational therapy programs for multihandicapped children are discussed. Program developers should consider psychological factors, such as conceptualization of competition, anxiety management, and students' motivation and sense of locus of control. Teachers and parents should be trained to act…

Investigated the impact of sexual composition and competitive/cooperative orientation on interaction patterns in same-sex and mixed-sex dyads. Found that the competitive or cooperative orientation of the interactants exerts a far greater impact on the communication behavior of dyads than does their sexual composition. (PD)

Concern is expressed about the measures that enrollment-driven colleges are taking to survive: destructive competitive practices may result in scrambled curricula and scrambled college identities. State control is an increasingly real possibility if such developments get out of hand. (MSE)

Three possibilities through which children find enjoyment in sport are explored: (1) Sport may be considered as play by children; (2) sport may be seen as success-motivating; and (3) children may find sport enjoyable because the activity itself is absorbing. (JN)

Describes a program for working with drama students in groups and examines qualities of actors' lives as well as professional issues for them. Recommendations are made for counselors working with actors in a university setting. (Author)

The 1980 Morley Olympics at May Morley Elementary School is an example of a successful special event in which sport served as the launching pad for an interdisciplinary educational experience. Teachers developed special classroom activities featuring the Olympic Games. Students registered as competitors from several countries. (JN)

In the 1920s and 1930s, educational administrators and physical educators saw athletics as a means of developing those character traits associated with efficient citizenship in a modern industrial society. High school varsity athletic competition has changed little since the early part of this century. (CJ)

A case study of a school board election in a metropolitan school district is used to examine the effects of electoral competition and conflict on school board behavior. (Author/MW)