Individuals gain feelings of control either by influencing existing realities (primary control) or by accommodating to existing realities (secondary control). Comparisons of American culture (which encourages primary control) and Japanese culture (which encourages secondary control) suggest that, ideally, individuals and cultures should blend both…

A study of elementary and secondary schools in Montana addressed the relationship between school size and student scores concerning the individual and society, e.g., fitness, citizenship, careers, and environmental issues. Although few correlations were significant, the majority of the results indicated that smaller schools received higher scores…

Focuses on the benefits of model care curriculum development in computer-based information systems relevant to the needs of developing countries. Suggested procedures include outlining search rationale, examining existing curricula in developed nations, evaluating such education in Kuwait, presenting a model curriculum, comparing it with relevant…

Second survey report (first was published October 1983) presents information on expenditures in library media centers for resources and audiovisual equipment, condition of collections and patterns in collection development, staffing and educational background of head library media specialist, and patterns of use of microcomputers by students and…

Describes the development of a method of identifying motivational and educational attributes through student reports of what they like and what they perceive they are learning. Applications of the method to microcomputer software and traditional classroom activities are compared. (23 references) (MBR)

Concludes that young people are reading less and are less influenced by reading than their counterparts of almost a decade ago. (EL)

A national study of university research activities resulted in a ranking of institutions based on factors other than dollar funding for research, including numbers of scientific personnel and students involved, research facilities and equipment in use, research degrees awarded, library research resources, and changes in institutional conditions.…

A replication of the 1920 Lynd study of everday life in Middletown, a typical America community, is presented. Data reveal that while Middletown did experience rapid change between 1890 and 1920 as the Industrial Revolution swept through middle America, there has been a significantly slower rate of change since then. (Author/RM)

Research suggests that special tests of reasoning ability are superfluous. Reading comprehension and algebra scores on common aptitude and achievement tests are highly correlated with scores on several reasoning tests. Furthermore, three programs in reasoning skills have been shown to improve reading comprehension scores in various settings. (MCG)

Investigates whether standardized tests measure the same comprehension construct as free recall assessment techniques. (FL)

Findings suggest that the Personalized System of Instruction in the introductory speech communication course tends to equal or be more effective than the lecture-recitation format in (1) attitudes toward and satisfaction with the course; (2) academic achievement; (3) alleviating communication apprehension; and (4) growth in communication skills.…

Review of university provision of distance education in Asia highlights and illustrates major similarities and differences in the approaches used in different countries and institutions and compares the operations of national independent universities concerned only with external students and conventional universities which include a distance…

Deals with research at the Institute for Educational Research (Jyvaskyla, Finland) during the 1970s and compare it with other educational research in Finland during the period. Emphasis of institute activity was on primary education, with a considerable amount of research on higher education. Future research needs are noted. (MH)

Describes a model of relative ruralness for rural states. Applies model to North Dakota, generating descriptions of principals (age, sex, teachers supervised, salary, contract time, experience, expectations, etc.) and districts (enrollment, assessed valuation, total mills levied, per pupil costs, accredidation levels). Compares principals and…

Describes the development of the Secondary Level English Proficiency (SLEP) Test specifications and the performance of each item type during administration of the test in other countries. Innovative formats such as multiple-choice cloze and multiple-choice dictation are discussed and described. In addition, the findings of a validity study…