Focusing on research that has used data at the individual student level or an aggregated school level, this article reveals the strength of the ecological fallacy. Using a large sample (over 30,000 students), the aggregated data are shown to overstate the influence of socioeconomic status. (SLD)

Reviews longitudinal study (the Penn State Family Relationship Project) findings of relationships in 133 single-earner and dual-earner families with school-age children. The authors summarize similarities and differences in children's experiences with their parents and review these findings linking family processes and family context to children's…

Describes an experiment comparing the performance of an automatic full-text indexing software for personal computers (i.e., the Quick-Finder facility in WordPerfect 6.1 for Windows) with the human intellectual assignment of indexing terms to each document in a collection. Results are discussed in terms of ease of use, the time factor, and recall…

Leadership abilities of male and female chief executive officers (CEOs) of 54 Ontario public libraries were evaluated by 272 board members and management or professional staff. CEOs generally rated high on all criteria; they were evaluated more highly by board members than by staff. Male CEOs were perceived to be more effective at securing…

A study examined the effects of differing degrees of bilingualism (English monolingual, English-French balanced bilingual, Bengali-English partial bilingual) on nonverbal problem-solving abilities of 71 grade-three children. The groups were compared on control of attention and analysis of knowledge. Results indicate the balanced bilinguals…

Compares student reactions to a videoconferencing-based course with reactions to a traditionally delivered course in training and human resource development. Overall, responses were similar; however, students in the traditional classroom were more likely to agree that the instructor used class time effectively and that the instructor allocated…

Student behavior and instruction in a distance education (DE) class delivered via live cable or videotape were compared to traditional courses taken by DE enrollees. Results indicated that individual characteristics impact the behavior variables of attentiveness and motivation in DE. In general, learner satisfaction with DE was perceived as…

This study examined comprehension in four groups of undergraduates under text only, multimedia, and two diagram conditions of text supplementation. Results indicated that effects of text supplementation are mediated by prior knowledge and learning style: multimedia appears more beneficial to surface learners with little prior knowledge and makes…

This study examined differences in individual influence and decision quality across communication media. Participants were 64 introductory psychology students. Results showed that influence for dominating participants remained stable across three media conditions (telephone, computer, and face-to-face). Less dominating participants had higher…

Two studies compared children's knowledge about the letters in their name with knowledge of other letters. Findings indicated that Australian first graders and U.S. kindergartners and preschoolers had superior knowledge of letter-name, but not letter-sound, for first letter of their first name. Also, U.S. preschoolers were better at printing the…

New forms of team-oriented college and university leadership have emerged in recent years in response to changing conditions such as internationalism, interdependence, and growing diversity. The case study of one community college adjusting to team-oriented leadership over a period of eight years illustrates the complexity and challenges presented…

A survey of 53 undergraduates at Aberdeen University (Scotland) to assess the quality and nature of student's learning in a Web-based system. Shows students exercised greater freedom in studying, had little difficulty accessing computers, and experienced few technical failures. Study found students printed Web documents immediately and few sought…

Examines how students' perception of risk for 20 environmental hazards are related to gender, community socioeconomic setting, age, and locus of control. The sample was drawn from a large metropolitan area in the southeast. Females had significantly higher risk-perception scores than males. Participants with an internal locus of control posted the…

A response to an article on multiculturalism and the status of community languages in Australia looks at the situation in Singapore, in which the government created policy supporting development of selected languages, and examines the positive economic consequences of the policy. Effects on educational and manpower policy are also considered. (MSE)

Investigating the effects of computer paint programs, the authors observed two groups of first and fourth graders--one using crayons and word processors, the other using a paint program and word processors. Discusses student collaboration, visual/verbal literacy, creativity, advantages and disadvantages, and paint programs in the classroom. A…