Discusses the need in designing educational studies to give more attention to recognizing the universe of generalization and to incorporate into the design a variable that represents the universe. Data analytic techniques should treat the levels of this variable as randomly selected from the universe. (Author/JEG)

Preschool children ranging in age from three to five years were presented with an array of moral judgment tasks designed to assess their understanding of differing moral criteria. Results showed that older children correctly understood more criteria and that understanding of the relevant moral distinctions was developmentally ordered. (JMB)

Describes a model to be used by designers, users, or researchers in appraising management games based on four concentric circles which put the game in the context of (1) game purposes, (2) cognitive objectives, (3) affective objectives, and (4) management qualities and skills. (Author/CMV)

A tool consisting of 2 sets of 18 statements and requiring 20 minutes for administration, the Hartman Value Profile evaluates progress and maturity in areas not readily adaptable to more objective means of evaluation. Firsthand experiences with the HVP have indicated successful evaluations of postsecondary student thinking. (JC)

Focuses on the various designs utilized in North Central Association elementary evaluations. As the accreditation program continues it will be critical to have an ongoing assessment of the appropriateness of the "Policies and Standards", the structure of self-study formats, the procedures used in visitation and the quality of the follow-up program…

Compares the relationship between formal preparation for leadership and successful leadership ability, discusses five criteria for leadership, and the responsibilities of educational leaders. (Author/RK)

Evaluates C. L. Stevenson's theory of emotive meaning, an integral part to his general metaethical theory. This theory allows him to explain why ethics cannot be reduced to a branch of science and why ethical disagreements are often not susceptible to solution by empirical or logical means. (Author/RK)

Examines the current position regarding the conceptualization and measurement of the achievement motive (nAch). Describes the concept, reviews various measures and evaluates their psychometric properties. (Author/RK)

Accountability in its real meaning is a process of behavioral planning in which the teacher leads the student towards specific observable goals, estimates the time of arrival, selects the most appropriate methods, and determines the degree of achievement. (MB)

The frequency with which values on any stimulus dimension occur within the positive (and/or negative) category of a concept is a potential cue to which dimensions are relevant. Seven experiments, using a two-stimulus (one positive and one negative) simultaneous presentation paradigm, designed to explore frequency effects systematically, are…

Author states that: "Teachers need to be freed from any compulsion to make distribution charts and comparative judgments of pupil learning for grading purposes." Proficiency of a student in a given task or subject area should be measured without relation to success or failure of other students in the group. (Auth/RW)

Describes the inadequacies of the present grading system and offers a new model, based upon intrinsic rather than extrinsic evaluation. Attempts to root this intrinsic evaluation system in a standard which is more clearcut than the letter-grade model and therefore less subject to grade inflation. (Editor/RK)

Although partially specified goals are sometimes thought to result from the uncertainties of ill-structured problems, analysis of human problem solving shows that indefinite goals are used in solving problems that are otherwise well structured. The example studied is taken from plane geometry and involves proving that two triangles are congruent.…

Explores the theory of rhetoric-as-epistemic, or truth-creator, and sets forth criteria for determining conditions conducive to such a rhetorical function. (MH)

School business officials should realize that achieving the Government Finance Officers Association's Certificate of Excellence in Financial Reporting will not always result in a high rating. Washington, D.C. has received this award for several years while flirting with bankruptcy. This article reviews the workings of financial markets for…