The effects on instrumental behavior of differences in type of task, type of reward and three organismic variables (history of social reinforcement from peers, extraversion, and intelligence) were investigated in preschool children. (ST)

The General Secretary of the Indian Adult Education Association observes that educational emphasis in India shifted from adult literacy to a wider concept of adult education--social education. The universities must play a dominant role in its promotion and development. It has been incorporated into India's five-year developmental plans. (AG)

This paper discusses psychoanalytic contributions concerning both the development and the facilitation of qualities such as empathy, love for neighbor social-mindedness, identification, sympathy, and altruism; and neurotic manifestations of altruism and of other positive qualities. (Author/JM)

Article gives a documented history and analysis of adult basic education in the United States, complete with statistical tables on the educationally disadvantaged population and eligibles and enrollments in federally supported adult education programs. (GB)

The concept of culture is discussed, its biological, sociological, and aesthetic connotations, along with educational objectives of developing: (1) an awareness of diversity of cultures, (2) a respect for persons, and (3) a critical ability to appreciate one's own culture as well as that of others. (JB)

Article describes excerpts of writings of the late Richard Attygalle who comments on the individual as he attempts to utilize his countries' resources and develop his educational and social awareness in an Asian community. (RK)

A Foster-Grandparent Program group received part-time mothering'' by elderly institutional aids for a period of up to more than 4 years. A control group resided in a similar institution which did not provide supplementary foster grandparent'' care. There was a significant difference in IQ in favor of the FGP children. (Author)

For all the justified criticism to which it is subjected, vocational training in the United Kingdom and in France has achieved its prime aim of greatly increasing the supply of trained manpower in areas of activity where it is most needed. (Author)

Harold Rugg of Teachers College, Columbia University, died in 1960. Author presents an analysis of his ideas about creativity" which only recently have become the concern of sociologists, psychologists and educators. (MB)

Based on the major characteristics of human social systems, a five-part typology of consciousness was developed: Survival, Stability, Sociability, Expertise, and Self. Man or Society can progress through these five stages; a review of research illustrates the relationships among the types. (JB)