Traditional research literature distinguishes between two general types of threats to the generalizability of experimental findings: Internal validity and external validity. Relatively minor importance has been attached to external validity in educational literature. Bracht and Glass elaborate on external validity and deal with two types:…

The author examines four major questions that arise when administrator evaluation is under consideration: (1) How can the evaluation of administrators be made nonthreatening? (it can't be, but an atmosphere of trust can help alleviate this difficulty); (2) Should the evaluation of administrators be for individual improvement or for decisions…

Described is the use of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Tests in the evaluation of children with learning disabilities. It is explained that these tests are based on a combined evaluation of four methods of inference: level of performance, ratio scores (measuring the discrepancy between overlearned and seldom practiced behavior to infer the…

The process by which students are selected to perform successfully in graduate schools has generated a literature that is reviewed here to determine what predictors and what criteria are used for graduate student selection and to evaluate the relative success of the predictors used. The bulk of the research involves correlation analysis. The…

This task force report defines competency-based education (CBE) as a system of education designed to develop competencies in those who are products of the system. A distinction is made between CBE and performance based education (PBE) in this report. Although the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Committee on Performance-Based…

This paper describes a model of classroom processes that can be used in research on the nature of the relationship between school practices and student achievement. It is stated that the model specifies that criterion performance is a function of initial abilities and of the following four constructs: (1) opportunity, (2) motivators, (3)…

This paper presents Project C-BE suggestions for those investigating the possibilities of using computers as an instructional resource. Topics are suggested to stimulate thought with regard to both the problems and the potential of computer-based education. (Author/CH)

In public library program planning, emphasis should be placed on the linkage of measurement to evaluation. Three basic assumptions underlie program planning and evaluation: (1) a basic commitment must be made to develop goals and objectives, (2) measurement must be taken in regard to specific criteria, (3) a final evaluation must be implemented.…

This book is designed for use in competency-based or field-based education programs, or in courses where emphasis is on developing classroom teaching skills. Part 1 focuses on competencies related to communication as it occurs in a variety of social, political, business, and educational settings. Topics covered in this section include (a)…

In 1969, the Medical School of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) received a grant from the National Center for Health Services Research and Development (Public Health Service, HEW) to plan and conduct--as a demonstration project--a special retraining program for physicians who had failed to approve the licensure examinations of the Puerto Rico…

This paper argues that an elitist concept regarding foreign language study and absolute criteria for such study have made foreign language study insensitive to the needs of an increasingly larger proportion of the student population in New South Wales, including even the most able students. In discussing this viewpoint, the paper examines: (1) the…

The Indiana Statewide Plan for Continuing Education in Nursing (ISPCEN) was implemented to establish a structure for coordinating resources, data, and personnel which would provide quality continuing education for registered and licensed practical nurses in Indiana at the regional level, ultimately leading to the opportunity for nurses in every…

As a manual for computer-assisted instruction lesson reviewers and as a resource for other interested PLATO personnel, this text describes the function of the lesson reviewer. The role of the lesson reviewer is discussed as an impartial examiner of the computer programing, the subject content, and the instructional design that constitute a…

The rationale and uses of a checklist for evaluating essays from a second semester college composition course are described in this paper. The checklist has 23 yes/no items organized by subject: content, organization, and mechanics. A scoring rubric which assigns 30 points to the content items and 10 to each of the others is used to convert…

In this paper the writer attempts to derive and apply a theory of validity for inductive or probable argumentation. The following definition of rhetorical validity is proposed: an argument is valid when, in an adversarial situation, the degree of certainty claimed by (or for) a conclusion is less than or equal to that established by its related…